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Monthly Bulletin Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Bermuda Vol7N April2000

...was made to design the conference as youth friendly. No attempt has been made to dictate to the young people the complexities of Bermuda's fragile environment; however, every effort has been made to find out what they know about Bermuda and where they see opportunities to make positive changes. Subsequently, the committee designed a youth survey that was distributed Island-wide to the various schools. The results of this exercise were quite profound. Over 2000 young people expressed that traffic; litter, violence, substance abuse, air/marine pollution, population growth and the loss of biodiversity/ habitat are major problems in Bermuda. When they were asked who is best suited to make a positive change? ... A majority said, “We [the young people of Bermuda] are!” This has led me to believe there is a generation of “World Changers” in Bermuda. Therefore, a constant commitment must be made to provide the youth of Bermuda with an audience or a platform to express their concerns. The concept of youth deliberations and conferences isn’t a recent phenomenon! All around the world young people are exercising their right to dwell in a healthy environment. For instance, the keynote speakers of this event are a...

Monthly_Bulletin_Department_of_Agriculture_and_Fisheries_Bermuda_Vol7N_April2000.pdf Imported Files 2,410.5 KB Jul 30, 2025

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ICLARM Integrated Aquaculture Agriculture Poverty Alleviation Asia Africa

...of food for these people. Looked at from the perspective of supplying affordable food for poorer people, aquaculture can be divided into two broad categories. The first is based on semi-intensive or intensive culture systems producing mainly carnivorous species and using high quality inputs. It requires capital and generally produces high value species. This makes it inaccessible to the poor, both as producers and consumers. It also com- petes with animal husbandry for inputs from marine fisher- ies and agriculture, and its output of fish protein is less than the input of fishery resources used as feed. Its costs in terms of ecological damage and fish disease have sometimes been substantial. The second type of aquaculture system is one that pro- duces inexpensive fish products without high protein or high capital inputs. It is based on the production of herbivorous or omnivorous species that feed low on the ecological food chain. When practiced in an extensive or semi-intensive system, it is a feasible option for the small farmer — the focus of our attention in providing food security to the rural poor. Experience has shown that the only way for small/ marginal/subsistence farmers to start growing fish is...

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UPR-Mayaguez Aquaculture Program History Research Grants 1970-1984

f. L:' . . ; AQUACULTURE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICOD MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS History Aquaculture is an alternative to conventional methods of ood prodpction. Not only can many existing resources be utilized for increasing productions of aquatic organisms, but many areas of marginal quality for terrestrial agriculture are good for agquaculture. In Puerto Rico; aquaculture has received attention for only Little over a decade since the introduction of an aquaculture ‘rogram\by the Department of Marine Sciences (DMS), University of buétto Rico-Mayaguez Campus (UPR=MC). 1In 1970, Dr. F. A. Pagan 'Ainitiated an aquaculture program emphasizing technical and écademic training. During the first six years, the program was §ponsoted by several agencies and included several projects (Appendix 1) In 1977, Dr. Pagan left the university and was succeded by Prof. Ricardo Cortes who continued some of the previous projects and initiated new projects (Appendix I). As a result of the above progress, the Government of Puerto Rico funded the initial construction of the fish culture station at Lajas. Subsequent ~efforts led to the cooperative agreement between DMS and the Agricultural E%periment Station of UPR. The aguaculture program joined the Hatch Regional -Project for Freshwater Food Animals i 1 i i I r |...

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1981 IMA Aquaculture Industry Trinidad Tobago Proceedings

...Lands and Food Production. In closing, therefore, may | once again welcome you to this seminar and express the hope that its deliberations will lead to a well rationalised, coordinated and effective programme of aquaculture in Trinidad and Tobago. Thank you for the courtesy of your attention. = KEYNOTE ADDRESS —Dr. E. Patrick Alleyne First of all, permit me to express my thanks to the Institute of Marine Affairs’ Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Ronald Linsky, and to the organisers for inviting me to give the opening address this morning. | also wish to take this opportunity to extend a warm welcome to the delegates and observers from overseas, especially those of you who are with us here in Trinidad and Tobago for the first time. The invitation to address you made me take some time off to learn more about the topic of this seminar. | wish to assure you that | emerged from the task with a firm conviction that the business to be conducted here relates to a truly important topic for Trinidad and Tobago and indeed for the entire Caribbean. The key word in the seminar title 1S a simple definition ‘“‘aquaculture”, relatively which means “the controlled...

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Document 64145716

...Guyana, Trinidad & Tobago, and the UNDP/FAO T e * L% . yep From all of the above, one is left to wonder about = both capital the feasibility of incurring expenditure (infrastructure, training) and recurrent (increased staffing) so as to implement the plan on a commercial scale. with We have come to the conclusion that respect to fresh water aquaculture the most suited scheme for our tute of Marine Affairs purposes would be to allow the Insti (IMA in the plan) to handle the research (they have staff and and the Fisheries Division to deal with equipment) the Grow-out and Extension (we have the ponds and the field personnel) . The basic proposal involves the encouragement of type/small-scale aquaculture integrated with back-yard £irst instance and hopefully this would agriculture in. the develop into more commercial-type ventures. have expressed an interest in Three entrepreneurs - with a Pacific species commercial-scale ventures one of shrimp, another with salmon and the third with the red consultants and required Tilapia. They deal with foreign and land space from the state; permision to drill wells whatever duty -free concessions are available for imported Neither of these has yet gone equipment on such...

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Chakalall 1987 Aquaculture Development in CARICOM CARICOM Fisheries Officers Meeting StVincent

K. AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN CARICOM prepared for CARIOCOM Fisheries Officers Meeting 9-11 March 1987 St. Vincent & the Grenadines by Bisessar Chakalall Regional Fisheries Officer FAD Representation 17 Reate Street Port-of-Spain Trinidad and Tobago March 1987 o) R N T AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN CARIOCOM It should be pointed out at the very begining that the objective of this presentation is to raise some revelant issues concerning aquaculture development in CARICOM countries for discussion and not to make an recommendations. For the purpose of this presentation the two key wards of the topic - aquaculture and CARICOM - should be defined. Aquaculture is the cultivation of aquatic plants and animals under controlled conditions. It covers fresh, brackish and marine culture. The thirteen countries of CARICOM (Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, St. Christopher and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago) can be grouped into the Lesser Antilles and the Greater Antilles which.w. include Belize, Guyana and Trinidad. i1l Aquaculture is not an easy sector to comprehend. Its activities can cross institutional boundaries of many departments and divisions within government administration. For example, aquaculture competes with agriculture for both water and...

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McElroy deAlbuquerque 1990 Sustainable SmallScale Agriculture Caribbean Islands MALAS

...the success of postwar restructuring an the long term stability of insular economies. This decline in agricultural viability has been particularly disappointing to island planners increasingly preoccupied with self-sufficiency and food security issues during an era of growing political autonomy. Though the potential positive links between tourism and ocal farming/handicrafts have been long appreciated (CTRC, 1984; Hudson, 1989), benefits have gone argely unrealized (Belisle, 1983; Persaud, 1988). In addition, the loss of agricultural land to other more profitable and speculative uses and the degradation of nearshore marine resources by the construction of large-scale tourist resorts and tourism related infrastructure (air and sea ports) have been decried by . 3 environmentalists promoting sustained biological productivity and greater diversity (Towle, 1985; Jackson, 1986), and Tow-density, nature-based tourism styles compatible with the fragile pristine ecology of small tropical islands (Holder, 1988). Despite this policy concern and the weight of supporting literature, the specific aspects of tourism’s negative impact on agriculture in small Caribbean islands are still "disputed and poorly understood" (Belisle, 1983:497). Recent reviews of the problem have repeatedly called for more systematic cross-country empirical studies and more in-depth analyses of fundamental determinants (Belisle, 1983...

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Caribbean Technical Cooperation Network Artisanal Fisheries Aquaculture Network News January 1990 FAO

...the farmer should be camitted to what he intends to do". Caribbean Fisheries Training and Development Institute. During the third quarter of 1989 the following courses were conducted by the Institute: a) Special Course for OBCS Fishermen. Twenty fishermen fram Grenada and St. Vincent and the Grenadines participated in a course specially designed for them, from 4 September to 20 October. The course included coastal navigation, engine maintenance and repair, gear technology, marine safety and record keeping. b) Fish Handling and Smoking. —dhh. The following training opportunities related to small-: available: l fisheries and aquaculture are o-oyo INFOPESCA. iniab Trinidad, fram 2-13 July 1990. The course is being sponsored by the FAO Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean and INFOPESCA, under FAQ/UNDP Project INT/86/001. The objectives of the course are: To teach participants how to organise a national fish inspection and quality assurance programme To make participants fully understand the need for the establistment of an efficient national programe for fish inspection and quality assurance for fishery products To teach participants how to implement it, and To teach participants the need for international cooperation in the field of inspection and quality assurance of...

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Rojas Meganck 1987 Land Distribution Development Eastern Caribbean

...infiltration and increases water runoff. As a result, water availability in rivers and springs fluctuates widely with changes in rainfall, and extensive erosion occurs as a result of the intense and concentrated rainfall. 2) Productive top soil is lost rendering the land less productive to the extent that it is often abandoned initiating a new cycle of land clearing and ecological deterioration. 3) Erosion accelerates the sedimentation processes of rivers and harbours that destroy marine ecologies and reduce the useful lifespan of water regulation infrastructure. It may also have negative impacts on agricultural development by reducing water availability for irrigation. 4) Both sedimentation and destruction of forests reduce the scenic :I‘J:_gauty of the country apd threaten or destroy wildlife habitats. ZA » 7 PN In combination these problems reduce the developmen{ potentlar agricultural lands and the countries’ environmental quality. These are the natural resources on which the two leading export sectors of the Eastern Caribbean - agriculture and tourism - are based. Induced land redistribution The collapse of sugar production in the late 1950s forced the abandonment of lands or the introduction of bananas as the new export staple by traditional landowners (normally expatriates or multinational corporations). Difficulties in the world...

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Harpy 1939 Soil Erosion StVincent TropAgriVol16No3 pp58-65

...F16. 6.— Cumberland Estate.—2} miles south of Leeward Chateaubelair, District, view of Westwood, looking south, showing rugged topography. Arrow- root fields with in middle gully distance; hillslope, 4o° Photo, C. K. R. ] | i B s e b o, | &} b o View from Fi. 7.— Belair District.—South Windward District. highest point of Dorsetshire Hills above Kingstown, looking east. Peasants’ holdings with contour Yellow Earth soil. Note gentle slope of skyline ridge, characteristic of banks ; windward mountain spurs, with indications of ancient marirne terraces ; hillrange above Vigie Road. Photo, C. K.R. - ) ¥ = & L 40 - ¥ e V A ( RS = L b i s g = ey S <} B B 4 & G | Fic. 8.— Ruland Valley.—Leward District, 6 miles north of Kingstown, looking south-west from n2ar Mt. Wynna. Layou Village in right back-ground. Typical leeward valley- compartment, eclosed by rugged hill-spurs. Note wall of columnar volcanic lava and the valley flat in west-trending spur, the talus slopes at the foot of the spur, planted in sugar-cane and coconut. Photo, C. K. R. ] T k B R TN OR m | @ TS TS e ~ (3) GurLy ERoSION. arise...

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IDRC AFNS Crop Animal Production Systems Program Overview

...level. This sit- uation has led the Fisheries Program to give priority to artisanal fisheries and aquaculture. Artisanal fisheries employ some 20 million people worldwide and provide an important part of the total animal-protein supply in large areas of the developing world. Research problems include assessment of potential yields of natural stocks, efficient manage- ment systems to ensure that sustainable yields are not exceeded, and improved post-harvest techniques to bring maximum benefits from available resources to consumers. Because artisanal fisheries vary in nature and importance from one region to another, research support is regionally flexible. Marine artisanal fisheries are emphasized in Latin America and the Caribbean whereas inland fisheries are a higher priority in Africa and the Middle East. Aquaculture is a major area of support in Asia and requests for funding of artisanal fisheries research are limited. Research on reservoir fisheries can be supported in all regions because of its potential for increasing net fish production. 43 In Asia, the Fisheries Program gives high priority to improving existing aquaculture systems. In Africa and Latin America, where aquaculture is not a traditional practice, research to develop or adapt aquaculture systems for local conditions is a high priority. The...

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FAO RLAC93 28 PES24 Species Cultured Insular Caribbean Belize FrenchGuiana Guyana Suriname 1993 Chakalall

...fish in 1990, according to the Fisheries Division. CAYMAN ISLANDS Nassau Grouper (Epinephelus striatus) Research by Harbour Branch Oceanographic Institution in Grand Cayman. Reported successful induced ovulation in 1987 with a fertilisation rate of 55%. DOMINICA No significant level of production. Poor consumer acceptance. Malaysian Prawn Post larvae obtained from Guadeloupe in 1985. (Macrobrachium Production on a 2.2 ha farm containing 8 production rosenbergii) ponds of various sizes; largest - 1940 m2, smallest - 250 m2, Australian Marron Crayfish A fresh water crayfish indigenous to Southwest Australia. (Cherax tenuimanus) Pilot scale by Bluewaters Inc. (USA) and Dominica Aquaculture Company - a joint venture, using six earthen ponds, totalling 1.5 ha near Canefield River. Project was aborted due to technical problems in 1990. Marine Algae/Seamoss Culture trials using bamboo rafts and long-lines initiated (Gracilaria sp.) in 1992. | | DOMINICAN REPUBLIC B G 13 Tilapia Various species. In 1988, approx. 100 farmers totalling 3.5 ha, with small earthen ponds averaging 400 m2. Fingerlings provided by Government free of charge. Introduced from Haiti in 1953. Reproducing. Oreochromis mossambicus Introduced from Mexico mn 1979. Reproducing Tilapia rendalli artificially. Introduced in 1979. Reproducing artificially. Oreochromis niloticus Introduced in 1980. Oreochromis aureus Introduced...

FAO_RLAC93_28_PES24_Species_Cultured_Insular_Caribbean_Belize_FrenchGuiana_Guyana_Suriname_1993_Chakalall.pdf Imported Files 12,500.0 KB Jul 30, 2025

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1973 NSRC NAS Workshop Aquatic Weed Management Guyana Report

...Silver Dollars are active grazers at the warm temperatures found in Guyana, and they are probably more .appropriate to Guyana than to temperate countries where heated over-wintering facilities will be needed. Manatees During the eras of exploration and colonisation, voyagers in the Caribbean area were well aware that manatee flesh brought a welcome and nourishing change from shipboard diet. According to one early report (Esquemeling 1678), expeditions put in to some South American harbours specifically to stock up on the meat of the manatee, Trichechus manatus Linnaeus. Today in South America this species is still found in the rivers and coastal regions of Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, and northern Brazil. The manatee is capable of living both in fresh- water and marine environments and is often observed in estuaries. Strictly vegetarian, manatees eat a wide variety of aquatic plants but seem to prefer sub- merged, floating, and emergent plants, in that order (Allsopp, 1969; Hartman, 1971). Lacking incisor or canine teeth, the manatee relies on protrusible lips and bristles to pull vegetation into its mouth where it is ground by the molars. In Guyana and Florida manatees have been known to consume aquatic vegetation of the following...

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Moy Handbook Solar Food Drying Hawaii 1983

...Placing Foods in the Solar Dryer Operating the Solar Food-Dryer Operating the Combined Mode Solar Dryer Adjustments for Time and Temperature Finishing a Batch of Foods in the Solar Dryer Use and Storage of Solar-Dried Foods Storage of Solar-Dried Foods Rehydration and Cooking of Some Solar-Dried Foods Questions and Answers About Solar-Dried Foods Nutrient Retention or Loss? Quality Changes? Microbiological Problems? Insect Problems? Page 12 14 17 18 Illustrations Page Figure =Y A Portable Combined Mode Solar Dryer Dimensions of the Combined Mode Solar Dryer Dimensions of the Drying Chamber The Completed Solar Collector The Completed Solar Dryer Tables Page Table Construction Materials Estimated Cost of Construction Materials Parts Needed for Building the Collector 10 Parts Needed for Building the Drying Chamber 11 WN = Average Moisture Content of Selected Fruit, Vegetables, Root Crops and Marine Products....16 Appendices Page Appendix 1 Steps for Constructing the Solar Collector 22 29 2 Steps for Constructing the Drying Chamber Introduction Methods of preserving foods are numerous and very ancient, going back to pre-historic times. Drying, fermentation, pickling and refrigeration have been practiced for centuries. Such food preservation serves the obvious purpose of providing, from harvested surpluses...

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Browne 1985 Agricultural Land Development StVincentGrenadines MA Dissertation Chapter4

...rural people very little chances of improving their livelihood. Marginalised sections of the rural population occupy any available land for cultivation. The forest cover on many sps are & removed and this sets off a chain of reactions whith affects agriculture adversely. There is decline in soil fertility, increased soil erosion and mass movement, increased sedimentation in rivers, shrinkages in rivers and water table levels, and disrupted precipitation cycles as droughts and flashfloods are frequent. The ecological damage is therefore great and transcends the agricultural sector as sedimentation in rivers and estuaries destory marine eco-systems and coastal y - the very basis for the tourist industry. Ecological damage also results from monocultural practices, indiscriminate use of chemicals and from production simply to satisfy export demand with out any consideration of land capability. A comparison of the agricultural land use and land capability maps. (Appendix C Maps 2 and 3) reveals this conflict between land use and i land capability. Agricultural marketing is a major problem. The state lacks information on marketing opportunities and contact with prospective countries, has little inter-regional transport facilities and inadequate cargo space to trade with other countries than Britain. Agriculture and trade potentials are therefore stifled...

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ECA 1993 Appraisal Monitoring Evaluation Biotechnology Agricultural Development Africa

...from predators and parasites. 13/ 54. A full knowledge is needed on the life cycles of appropriate food species such as the Tilapia fish and shrimp in order to optimize conditions and cultural practices for their economic production. 55 Opportunities to increase the production of fish, shrimp and other marine life exist, using current and developing techniques whereby food requirements, disease control, growth regulation and genetic selection can be developed that will improve the biological efficiency of food species utilizing appropriate production systems. 56 Biotechnology applications such as transfer of genes for specific traits for disease resistance, growth regulation and nutritional value may make it possible to increase product value and reduce risks for aquatic food systems. Additional products such as biomass for fertilizers and residues for animal feed may be obtained as added benefits from aquaculture. 57 Aquatic crop adapted to sea water environments can be grown in marine tidal lands to increase food production. Currently the University of Arizona Environmental Research Institute has been conducting research in their laboratories and in coastal tidal lands on Salicornia europeae. 58. Many arid developing countries have coastal tidelands and marshlands that may be suitable for Salicornia production. This species yield high...

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Powell 1977 Voyage HMS Providence Breadfruit Introduction West Indies

... y be sure they discussed the ing, and n 1787, when f a breadfruit expedition. Ban ks used his tremendous influence with the George IIT ordered that was r or less in ch: arge of its organization, the expedition be sent, Sir Joseph FITTING OUT TRE EXPEDITION TRE EXPEDITION Banks’ choice of Wil Bligh as comman, one. Bligh's navy recor v good. nder of the expedition w; He had s ailed as a navigator and marine surveyor as a very good on Captain Cook’s third voy age to outh Seas where he lear about charting these unkno Wn waters, He also learned about th ned a great deal islands of the Pacific, especially of Tahi w € natives of the Subsequently., for fou r vears he sailed betw here Captain Cook was 2 great favorite. een England and Jamaic 2 in command of POWELL: VOYAGE OF THE PLANT NURSERY 389 a merchantman belon, ging to his wife's uncle, Duncan Campbell. During this time he often served as Cam pbell’s agent in transactions with J amaican planters. His head- quarters on these occasions Was at Lucea, in the parish had an estate in Hanover called Saltsprings [Saltbus...

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IDRC AFNS Agricultural Economics Program Overview and AFNS Programs

...sustainable level. This sit- uation has led the Fisheries Program to give priority to artisanal fisheries and aquaculture. Artisanal fisheries employ some 20 million people worldwide and provide an important part of the total animal-protein supply in large areas of the developing world. Research problems include assessment of potential yields of natural stocks, efficient manage- ment systems to ensure that sustainable yields are not exceeded, and improved post-harvest techniques to bring maximum benefits from available resources to consumers. Because artisanal fisheries vary in nature and importance from one region to another, research support is regionally flexible. Marine artisanal fisheries are emphasized in Latin America and the Caribbean whereas inland fisheries are a higher priority in Africa and the Middle East. Aquaculture is a major area of support in Asia and requests for funding of artisanal fisheries research are limited. Research on reservoir fisheries can be supported in all regions because of its potential for increasing net fish production. In Asia, the Fisheries Program gives high priority to improving existing aquaculture systems. In Africa and Latin America, where aquaculture is not a traditional practice, research to develop or adapt aquaculture systems for local conditions is a high priority. The...

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Thomson 1987 GreenGold BananasDependency EasternCaribbean LAB

...that the ships have excess crane capacity, are faster (and therefore less fuel efficient) than they need be and that their loading/unloading equipment is less mechanised than is required to maintain quality control standards under severe competition from Central American production. It is no accident, these critics say, that Geest ships were among the first to be requisitioned by the British navy for service in the Falklands/Malvinas war. Indeed, it is said that there is a conflict between Britain’s Ministry of Defence — which appreciates 33 Geest’s excess capacity and its availability to a dwindling UK Merchant Marine — and the Treasury, which would like to see greater efficiency and lower prices for the British consumer. As Geest companies control each stage from the quayside of the Windward Islands to the retailers in the UK, it appears to have had little incentive to cut costs as these are all paid for by the growers. The Growers’ Associations Since 1958 the Windward Islands Banana Growers Association (WINBAN) has been responsible for negotiations with Geest on behalf of the growers. In the scale of power within the industry, WINBAN and the growers’ associations it represents, come well below Geest. Each...

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1986 CESRM Cardi UWI UNESCO RiskAssessment Agrochemicals Tropical Island Ecosystems Proposal StLucia Barbados

...the comon aussel Hytilus, in the low range. Hoever, for the oyster Castries are again ith other regions and (crassosirea) the data a re more easy tc compare the values for Castries Harbour are in the mid range for d dieldrin. e . more There is justific ation fros the water data (which ar residues . in complete) and to a lesser extent f roa the values for biota, for further investiga . tion of residues in selecte d nns in marine systess. There 1 s also a suggestio n that the residues d above backgroun d although certainly not garine systems are elevate sanple size and restricted zones - of alarsingly high. The saall saspling makes any further interp retation seaningless. Table 5.5. Concentrations in water of pes ticides and PCBs (all ppb) for Saint Lucia compared with sose © ther r. ---------- rochlor Site Heptachlor Lindane ppDDT Endrin _ (N) 1254 o e 0 O 9 6 = € 5 8 5 - - 61.2 250 13.2 6.9 Castries Harbour 6.5 (4) Saint Lucia 113 Vigie Choc! 10.8 29.2 3) saint Lucia Cas en Bas! 3.5 31.2 60.3 (1) saint Lucia N. Jersey surface 187. water...

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WATER LOG 17-3 1997 Mississippi Alabama Coastal Legal Issues

...LEGISLATIVE UPDATE 1997 by Kristen M letcher, J.D. The following is a summary of coastal, fisheries, marine, and water resources related legislation enacted by the Alabama legislature during the 1997 regular session. 1997 Alabama Acts 66. (HB 36) Approved February 25, 1997. Effective upon passage of federal legislation. Consents to the creation of the Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa River Basin Compact between Alabama, Georgia, and the United States to promote interstate cooperation, planning, and development of the Alabama-Coosa- Tallapoosa (ACT) river basin resources. Specifically, it provides for: Creation of the ACT Basin Commission, made up of one member representing each state and one non-voting member representing the United States, to meet at least once each year; Development of a formula to allocate the surface waters of the ACT basin between Georgia and Alabama with increases allowed under specific circumstances and with some allocation to federal water projects in the basin. Protection of water quality, ecology, and biodiversity of the ACT basin; Preservation of each state's right to regulate the use of water resources within its boundaries; and Creation of a dispute resolution procedure and the termination of the compact by Alabama, Georgia or the United States. Both...

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Coomans 1970 Volksnamen voor Weekdieren Nederlandse Antillen IRF

...masbangu ? Het is ons niet bekend welke soort met deze naam wordt aan- geduid, ook pater BRENNEKER (1947), aan wie deze naam is ont- leend, kon ons hierover niet nader inlichten. Ongetwijfeld is het een zeeschelp, want de naam vernam hij van de vissers van St. Michiels Baai. De masbangu, een verbastering van marsbanker, is een zeevis, Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch). Cocolishi rond6 ? Ook voor deze naam is niet bekend welke schelpensoort ermee bedoeld wordt, en het achtervoegsel ‘rondo’ (= rond) is weinig verhelderend. Om dezelfde reden als bij de cocolishi masbangu nemen we aan dat het een mariene soort is. Co(c)queluis Bij PADDENBERG (1810, p. 44) kunnen wij lezen, in zijn beschrij- ving van Curagao: “Van de schulpdieren, hoe menigvuldig in getal, eet men slechts de oesters en een kleine mossel, hier Cocque- luizen genaamd, en ook de Alikruik”. TEENSTRA (1836, p. 280) heeft een iets andere mening: ‘de weinige hier gevondene mosselen, Paloulie en de Alikruik (welke laatste mede een schulpdier is) zijn van weinig waarde; echter worden laatstgemelde schulpdieren (die op Curagao Coqueluizen genoemd worden) door velen met smaak gegeten”. Is bij de eerste een mossel = cocqueluis, bij de laatste is mossel = paloulie, en...

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McCabe 1992 Caribbean Heritage Conservation and Identity

...says. “My vision of the Caribbean has been much influenced by Walcott’s work. The images of his poetry are so closely tied to the landscape that I love.” a = A doorway to the past, Brimstone’s restoration reflects renewed pride in West Indian history. ng w 72 ISLANDS 3 » = —— ~ e = =% v oA ¥ 0 @ Nl o & = <3 SN Sy~ &3 s A A il R , X We're walking up a long hill in Do- minica on a languorous Sunday after- noon. Honychurch is showing me some of the sights of Cabrits National Park. He was one of the prime movers behind the park, a 1,313-acre land and marine reserve that includes coral reefs, two sandy beaches, a sunken steamer from the early 20th century, a coastal cave, and the remains of Fort Shirley, which figured prominently in the Battle of Les Saintes. 151 Q0@ AQ UINYIAUOH XOuUT “The 200th anniversary of the bat- tle was in 1982,” Honychurch says. “I thought one of the best ways to ob- serve the bicentennial would be to begin restoration of Fort Shirley.” He stops to see how some masonry repair is progressing, and...

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St Christopher Heritage Society Institutional Development Plan 1997-2002

...heritage, an emerging central issue now is: how can we best use our heritage in the development of the country? The Socicty’s early commitment to providing services and materials for the island’s youth remains unchanged. Likewise, the group’s early decision to function as a nonpartisan organization continues. During its years of growth and development, the Society has demonstrated that: ° it understands the importance of information management; o it has the capacity to look beyond the immediate project; ) it can work with Government as a partner. ~ THE SOCIETY TODAY: AN OVERVIEW Current programmes: ) management of a documentation centre . publication of a newsletter and Heritage Magazine ) administration of a grants programme for small community organizations medicinal plants project adventure tours biodiversity programme museum development oral history programme public exhibitions assistance to external scientists and researchers service to the community through representation on various committees, such as the Government’s marine park committee; Tourism Authority; committee to develop a new physical development plan for the country fund raising, including such events as the annual cultural dinner. Current Staff: two full-time staff (office manager and the Executive Director) and one part-time manager of the documentation centre. Volunteers: ???...

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Potter Caribbean Environmental Perception Cognitive Perspective Barbados 1990s

...rule. Hence, the uncritical adoption of the development strategies of More eveloped Countries in the region, embracing modernisation and trickle-down effects, hilst litle attention has been devoted to agriculture and to the provision of basic needs Downes, 1980). The majority of nations have placed their trust in enclave manufacturing and urism, as a part of the process of global divergence. This is leading to greater differences 1 places according to the types of commodities that they produce (Armstrong and cGee, 1985). Thus, what may be described as the basically uncritical promotion of urism has occurred in many Caribbean territories despite the most visible ecosystem egradation, including the destruction of coral reefs, mangroves and wetland areas, oastal marine pollution and loss of biodiversity. To these must be added the socio-cul- iral impacts of tourism development, including land use conflicts, high land prices, strictions on residential rights, prostitution and drug dealing. The wider aspects of ontinuing psychological dependency must also be borne in mind, especially due to the peration of the tourist demonstration effect, which may well lead to consumption rising ster than local production. The outcome, massive imports, especially of industrial »ods, and the rise of the industrial palate...

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grenada historic heritage natural resource conservation committee report and ordinances 1967

... to act in advisory capacity. to governments, public and private institutions in matters relating to museum development; to serve as a forum for the exchange of information and ideas on a regional basisi to identify technical and financial resources in answer to the expressed needs of and standards for museums and their staff. On the other hand, what is needed is a Heritage Programme for Grenada, Carriacou and Petit Martinique. National s and Protected area Conservation of Habitats and Biodiversity Institutional responsibility and legislation 1153 Problems and issues . Policy recommendations For this section refer to Plan and Policy for a system of National Parks and Protected areas. 112 111 11.2.2 W mmmmmm m RSNS PLACES QF HISTORIC AND CULTURAL INTEREST uters AeSh, Ldta 84y R 4+ Gecnp 4 Vie tevia * ak : “Towh *+ Gec - Rvr Geano ey % @ + Geev % + ' 7 Gead CTAw Oecy o #t o + + (43 J + Geand NALBAY 4aRo S GEORG'S MART A Mora Ri RAY Weseerrl b CA — = e o 0 < 3 LAXLE Qyx Ho 7. CGPinES L Calwienyi. % Glovee 7, 0 PN ) [ KEY T0 MAP O ARCHAcOLoG1cAL SiTes ARCH TeeTurl S Tes CAxons — = @ CcHeTeRY sTATe © ForTs Wd Mils x S cls...

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IRF Introduction to Marine Archaeology Program StThomas

...INC. LAGOON MARINA, RED HOOK, ST. THOMAS, U. 8. VIRGIN ISLANDS 00801 - (809) 775.8225 INTRQDUCTION TO MARINE ARCHAEOQLOGY Beneath the shallow waters bordering all West Indian islands there lies a vast storehouse of shipwrecks and artifacts, an aquatic archivé of colonial history with a story to tell the archaeologist/historian diver about man's activities, his daily life, his tools, vessels, trade and technology in centuries past. The process of discovery, excavation, identification and preservation of historical materials from the sea is called marine archaeology and with proper training divers can become bona fide participants in this exciting search for historical knowledge from shipwrecks and their associated artifacts. The lsland Resources Foundation program in marine archaeology is designed to expand the undersea horizons of the diver into the mysteries of maritime and colonial history. By approaching shipwrecks and their associated artifacts as a marine resource and by learning both the technique of diving and the procedures of marine archaeology any diver, novice or advanced, can make the critical transition from predatory souvenir hunter to con- servationist, PLEASE REPLY VIA AIR MAIL TO: P. O. BOX 4187 . ST. THOMAS, U. 8. VIRGIN ISLANDS 00801 Program of Introduction in Marine Archaeology...

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Albright Excavation HMS Santa Monica CRI StJohn 1971-1973

..." L 28 ki ) § — 24 26 26 6 25 "7 SRR rd 2] 29 28 £ =] - C 23 28 A2 w t Co 29 [ an ars ‘' -1- DISCOVERY In the summer of 1970, Mr. John Roy, at that time an employee of the Caribbean Research Institute, College of the Virgin Islands, discovered what appeared to be the remains of ship in about 25 feet of water in Round Bay, a part of Coral Bay, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mr. AlanB. Albright, marine archaeologist for the Institute, was notified of the find and, after examining some of the recovered artifacts (mostly ceramics and bottles), determined that the vessel probably sank during the last quarter of the ent century. With the concurrence of both Dr. Edward L. ov, director of the Institute, and Mr. Evan Francois, Commissioner of the Department of Conservation and Cultural Affairs, Mr. Albright concluded an agreement with Mr. Roy pertaining to the ownership and division of artifacts previously recovered and those artifacts to be recovered for examination and preserva- tion. Mr. Roy turned over his entire collection of artifacts previously recovered to CRI. The agreement was made in order to establish government ownership of submerged archaeological...

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1968 CaribbeanResearchInstitute MarineArchaeologyEasternCaribbean ConferenceProceedings

...pewter, woodwork, straw work, and wood carving) and soforth. A11 this not enly produces revenue to carry on further archaeological work and preservation activities, but raises the quality of tourist attrac- tions, contributes to island history and culture, and creates jobs o for the local people. These can be museum functions. Mr Marx feels that UNESCO would not help with the establishment & A 03 a museum in the Virgin Islands because this is not an underdeveloped arca; they were willing to participate in museum work in Jamaica n order to stimulate the growth of tourism there. He went on to em- phasize the need for the establishment of a center for marine ar- chaeology in the Virgin Islands, including a staff to circulate as an advisory team throughout the Caribbean to advise on site identi- fication, artifact appraisal, preservation, etc. At this center, records would be kept of wrecks found, artifacts would be identified, experimental preservation lab would be established to which islands couid send their artifacts for work and then returned, and a regular archaeological program could also be undertaken. Mr Marx indicated that he would supply all his data on wreck sites in the Caribbean to such a...

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Towle Management of Marine Archaeological Sites Eastern Caribbean IRF Workshop 1983

The Uses of Historical Resources In Eastern Caribbean Island Development Report of A Workshop Held At Brimstone Hill, St. Kitts October 21-23, 1983 — N S by = & V By, = \ s i \ Al 1 \ N j 7 o7 N 7 ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION Archival and Marine Archaeological Resources VII Presentens George F. Tyson Isand Resources Foundation (The Development of Achives and Othe Histornical Record Programs) (1) (2) Edwand L. Towle Is€and Resounces Foundation (The Management of Marine Anchaeological Sites) . VA -5 ) " 7 A L. - .9 — Y / o[ ] \ 4 " s 7% & y = NC 424 7 X W % ) 3 1z /\ 7 % 2D 5 7 AR N \ 72 > r, — B o5, Al %! \ 0/ ) AW " g 49, ' % ’ \

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Albright 1974 Excavation HMS Santa Monica CRI CVI

...135 \ \ 6 24 23 28 wh Co 23 28 £ 0 00W (/g A 08 wh S wh Co | 26 « 3 16 ! 29 28 | b : ) 13 5 | " 14 12 1 I i\, 1 1 15 - DISCOVERY In the summer of 1970, Mr, John Roy, at that time an employee of the Caribbean Research Institute, College of the Virgin Islands, discovered what appeared to be the remains of a ship in about 25 feet of water in Round Bay, a part of Coral Bay, St. John, U.S, Virgin Islands. Mr, Alan B, Albright, marine archaeologist for the Institute, was notified of the find and, after examining some of the recovered artifacts (mostly ceramics and bottles), determined that the vesse] probably sank during the last quarter of the eighteenth century. With the concurrence of both Dr. Edward L. Towle, director of the Institute, and Mr. Evan Francois, Commissioner of the Department of Conservation and Cultural Affairs, Mr. Albright concluded an agreement with Mr. Roy pertaining to the ownership and division of artifacts previously recovered and those artifacts to be recovered for examination and preserva- tion. Mr. Roy turned over his entire collection of artifacts previously recovered to CRI...

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Arnold Clausen 1975 Radar Position Fixing Marine Magnetometer Surveys Archaeometry17-2 237-239

...2 (1975), 237-239. Printed in Great Britain A RADAR POSITION-FIXING SYSTEM FOR MARINE MAGNETOMETER SURVEYS J. BARTO ARNOLD III and C. J. CLAUSEN Texas Antiquities Committee, Capitol Station, Austin, Texas 78711, U.S.A. L Position-fixing is an essential aspect of marine archaeological magnetometer surveys. Elec- tronic systems which provide this necessary control are undoubtedly superior to visual systems involving buoys or range markers. Hall (1966) has reported a position-fixing system based on sonar. The Government Electronics Division of Motorola, Inc., in Scottsdale, Arizona, has developed a position-fixing system based on radar called the Mini-Ranger III. This instrument was used with most satisfactory results by the Underwater Archaeological Research Section of the Texas Antiquities Committee in conjunction with a Hewlett- Packard 9821 programmable calculator and Hewlett-Packard 9862 X-Y plotter and a Varian V-85 proton magnetometer in a marine magnetometer survey of twenty-five miles of the South Texas coast (Arnold and Clausen 1975). The Mini-Ranger III system is composed of a control console designed for mounting in a standard nineteen-inch instrument rack, a receiver—transmitter unit to be mounted on the survey vessel and from two to four transponder...

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Albright 1972 Proton Magnetometer Marine Archaeology Virgin Islands CRI

...Cost Sharing ravel & per Diem (Cont'd) 200 8 days per diem @@ $25 per day 200 Economy jet air fare Wash., D.( 5 London-Wash., D.C. 450 10 days, $25 per diem 250 20 days, $25 per diem 500 750 Sub Total 1053 500 1553 Total 11473 25080 37553 Institutional indirect costs 307 3442 3442 Grand Total $14,915 $26, 080 $40, 995 S e e t S E 07 @ Q) 7, \ /N COLLEGE OF THE VIRGIN 1SLANDS September 30, 1971 @ Mr. Mahamad Hanif Executive Director CCA Development Program Carribean Research Institute College of the Virgin Islands 00801 St. Thomas, Virgin Islands Dear Mr. Hanif: On behalf of the Board of Trustees of the College of the Virgin Islands, | would like to add my own '‘Thank you' to those of the Caribbean Research Institute for your $123.00 donation. Your contribution has been matched by the National Endowment for the Humanities making it possible for the Marine Archaeological Project to begin as planned. With best personal regards, Sincerely, Sincerely, L < Lawrence C. Wanlass President LCW:efs cc Mr. Allan B. Albright ¢ AIR MAIL REPLY REQUESTED BH.OMAS. Uu.s VIRGIN ISLANDS TEL. 809/774-1252 00801

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1987 Tyson Towle BVI Marine Archaeology Policy MelbertLtd Draft

7 P ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION Caribbean Headgarters Washington, D.C. Office RED HOOK BOX 33. ST. THOMAS 1718 P STREET. N.W., SUITE T4 U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS 00802 WASHINGTON. D.C. 20036 (809) 775-6225 (202) 265-9712 British Virgin Islands Marine Archaeology Resource Development Conservation and Management PRELIMINARY Discussion of Objectives, Principles and Proposed Administrative Procedures With Specific Reference to the Melburt, Ltd., Proposed Salvage Contract o - by Mzr. George F. Tyson, Jr. and Dr. Edward L. Towle June 10, 1587 (CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT -~ FOR GOVERNMENT USE ONLY) & T w ke - USI It should be the position of the vnmn of the British Virgin Isands that all submerged historic sites (shipwrecks) and artifacts associated therewith are part of the cultural patrimony of the people of the British Virgin Islands, and that rights of ownership and management of this submerged cultural patrimony reside solely with the people. These principles have been adopted by most nations of the worild, and are internationally recognized by UNESCO. It follows from these assumptions that Government does not enter into a "salvage contract" that theoretically, legally and pratically recognizes the applicability of international salvage laws in BVI territorial waters. These salvage 1aws vest ownership...

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Albright 1975 Proton Magnetometer Survey Marine Archaeological Sites Virgin Islands CRI CVI

...E E E -8— | = E N operate to depths of 100 feet. Using this method between hrl Amalie Harbor and Buck Island a considerable amount of late nineteenth and early twentieth century debris was seen. By A B Iy CONCLUSION The magnetometer survey was a success in that it resulted in the discovery of several sites that should upon excavation prove useful as The a further tool for the study of colonial Virgin Island history. survey did not yield the number of wreck sites that were expected due However, the techniques to the various difficulties discussed above. which evolved from using a proton magnetometer in this area were well worth the time and effort expended as we have expanded the search cap- abilities to include some of the potentially richest areas for marine archeological sites which coincidentally happen to lie in magnetically active geographical areas in the West Indies. E N I -9- » 135 y —= @& e AREAS OF MAGNETOMETER SURVEY S Sy ) N AREAS OF VISUAL SURVEY N & E Sy 2D 2 SITE LOCATIONS - SITES O = In general, the survey was conducted in areas of high probable ship loss such as harbors, harbor approaches, reefs, bars...

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IRF 1984 CrownBay StThomas MarineArchaeologicalSurvey FinalReport

...the ebb at the junction of these two channels. The U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office reported that in 1958, a current of 2 or 3 knots was encountered in the vicinity of Little Krum Bay. This current was setting north-northwestward through East Gregerie Channel and southwestward through West Gregerie Channel. The wind was east-southeasterly at a velocity of 15 knots during the time of observation. It was also reported in 1961 that a 4-knot, westerly current was experienced in these channels. During the current marine archaeological survey, bot- tom and surface currents at anomaly sites E8, E9, 126 and El127 exceeded 3 knots in a southwesterly direction on five occasions when there were strong southeasterly winds com- bined with an ebb tide. Marker buoys with ten-pound anchors in 40 feet of water would not stay in place under the force of this current, which also prevented divers (wearing 30 1lbs of lead weights) from maintaining position on the bottom for the jet probe and air 1lift work during periods of 12 maximum flow. The steep magnetic gradients within the area, caused by local geological formations and conditions, rendered all magnetometer survey measurements less than optimal and...

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1984-08-23 BVI-Beacon MAVL Saba-Rock Shipwreck-Mapping-Expedition BVI

...No. 12 Road Town Tortola BVI 35 Cents August 23,1984 MAVL Resumes Aned Dive prons A dive “boat, the Saba Rock, owned b Ocean Re- covery Inc., and contracted by Marine Archeological Ventures Ltd (MAVL) arrived in the BVI last week to begin work on phase 1y of a 1980 Agreement be- ween MAVL and the govern- ment of the BVI The Agreement grants the W company the exclusive right to ® Sarch for explore, dis cover and excavate any nd all shipwrecks within an area designated as scheduled waters not far from Ane gada; ® Make maps and charts indicating the geographical location of each and every shipwreck discovered within the area of ‘the scheduled waters; ® Remove from the site (subject to the provisions of Saba Rock, dive boat in the service of Marine Archeological Ventures, Ltd. such the Agreement) any tary film of the search, ex- to plot the exact location of the San Ignacio which is The Saba Rock arrived on shipwreck and to transport ploration, discovery and ex every shipwreck found there and to a secured building or reported to have gone down Monday 13 August - cavation carried out by the and produced a...

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Arnold1977 SiteTestExcavations MagnetometerSurvey PadreIsland TexasAntiquitiesCommittee IJNA 6-1 21-36

2 .. - The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration (1977), 6.1:21-36 Site test excavations underwater The sequel to the magnetometer survey J. Barto Arnold III State Marine Archaeologist, Texas Antiquities Committee, Box 12276, Capitol Station, Austin, Texas 78711, U.S.A. Introduction search mode magnetometer survey, excavation The location of ship wreck sites by electronic strategy and techniques, and results of a cam- survey instrumentation, or to be more precise, paign of site testing conducted by the Under- the location and measurement by these instru- water Archaeological Research Section of the ments of phenomena of magnetic or acoustic Texas Antiquities Committee in areas off properties, has evolved to a high state of effici- Padre Island in south Texas which took place ency and sophistication (Watts, 1975; Amold & between the last week of July and the end of Clausen, 1975). Unusual data which stand out October, 1975. The site test excavations rep- from the background observations are known as resent phase two in the Texas Antiquities Com- anomalies, some of which may be caused by the mittee’s underwater archaeological research remains of historic shipwrecks. In the instance programme (Fig. 1). The first two phases of of...

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Pollnac Poggie Economic Orientations Small-Scale Fishermen Panama PuertoRico HumanOrganization 1978

...workers have an almost nonexistent chance to accumulate sufficient capital to buy a factory or plantation. The ‘“‘other’’ cate- gory in the Puerto Rican sample is composed of shopkeep- ers, fish vendors, etc., who were already small-scale en- trepreneurs whose initial deferred orientation permitted them to take advantage of the opportunity structure available in Puerto Real for such endeavors. Their con- tinued participation in this activity reinforced their deferred orientation. Ranking the Puerto Rican occupations in terms of opportunity we find that cane and factory workers ranked low and the fishermen and others ranked high. On the basis of the open access nature of marine resources it could be argued that fishermen should be ranked higher than the “‘others.”” Nevertheless, we will confine our discussion to the low/high dichotomy. Turning to the periodicity component, we find that a fisherman’s income is dependent on catch size which is dif- ficult to predict and highly periodic. In contrast, the fac- tory worker in Puerto Real is paid on a regular weekly basis. The cane worker is paid regularly during the working season, which lasts six months, and then falls back on em- ployment security income which is also regular...

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Adams 1992 Fish Lovers of the Caribbean Caribbean Studies 25 1-2

...salt fish, imported from the North Atlantic fish- eries, has been the staple fleshfood eaten by practically everyone, nearly everywhere in the West Indies. Following the interruption of food shipments to the West Indies, as a result of the Second World War, more attention was paid to Caribbean fishery development by various national and international agencies; * The pre-dehydrated weight of cured cod is equivalent to 3.7 Ibs. (1.66 kg.) of fresh weight. Price schedule for salt fish, Town Board, Kingstown, St. Vincent. * Northern latitude waters are more productive in fish than tropical marine habitats. However, there are large seasonal movements of fish in the Caribbean, including tuna (Thunnus spp.), king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla), dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus) and other species that could have supported small scale fishery development. The point is that West Indian proprietors were not interested in fishing except as a recreational activity. FISH LOVERS OF THE CARIBBEAN mainly the British-sponsored Colonial and Development Welfare scheme, the Caribbean Commission, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, and several United States agencies and, together with lo- cal authorities, attempted to encourage Caribbean fishery production through exploratory fishing, training programs and the introduction of modern fishing gear...

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UN A CONF 167 PC 10 1993 Sustainable Development SIDS Report of SG

...21 22 10 Climate change and sealevel rise 2 Natural and environmental disasters 23 i i 3 24 29 11 Waste problems Management of resources of small island developing States 30 58 12 1. Coastal and marine resources 31 34 ) 2 Freshwater resources 35| 37 14 Land resources 38 48 15 Energy resources 49 52 L Tourism resources 53 S 18 6 Biodiversity resources 58 19 59 60 19 External transport constraints A/CONF.167/PC/10 English Page 3 CONTENTS (continued) Paragraphs Page III NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION 61 122 20 A 61 116 20 National implementation h Major ingredients for sustainable development in small island developing States 63 68 21 Environmental policy mechanisms: regulatory measures and economic instruments 69 71 23 Managing environmental problems 72 79 24 Management of resources: sectoral policies 80 102 26 and measures Capacity-building for development and environmental management 103 111 353 6 Enhancing external transportation facilities 112 116 35 121 37 Regional implementation 117 122 38 International implementation A/CONF.167/PC/10 English Page 4 i OVERVIEW OF THE SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES A Current trends in the socio-economic development of small island developing States 1...

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1993 IISD EarthNegotiationsBulletin Vol8 GlobalConference SustainableDevelopment SIDS PrepCom Report

...that while UNCLOS has expanded their exclusive economic zones, few SIDS have the capacity t manage and exploit their marine resources. COMMONWEALTH SECRETARIAT: Chandrashekhar Krishnan mentioned a number of SIDS-related activities within the Commonwealth Secretariat. Seventy percent of the expenditure of the Commonwealth Fund for Technical Cooperation has been directed to SIDS in areas such as environmental management, environmental legislation, biologjcal resources, fisheries, coastal zone management, human macroeconomic and trade policies, education, an resources development. It will continue to provide support and advice to enable SIDS to participate more effectively in international conferences on sustainable development. SOLOMON ISLANDS DEVELOPMENT TRUST: John Rou, an described the work of his organization at the village level. If the Conference's results are to be successfully implemented it will be due to people at the local level who are "resource owners" and who must cope with major changes in their lives. NGOs have new roles in democratizing the development process, networking and coalition building. FAVDO: Alfredo Handem of Guinea-Bissau, speaking on behalf of the Forum of African Voluntary Development Organisations, discussed the complex situation in his resources, preserving cultural traditions and improvin, country with regard to preserving biodiversity, managing fish living conditions...

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1994 UN Global Conference SIDS Barbados Declaration Programme of Action

N N EARTH SUMMIT PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR SMALL ISLAND STATES Global Conference on the Sustainable Small Island Development of Developing State Barbado: Bridgetown 26 April - 6 May 1994 UNITED NATIONS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DECLARATION OF BARBADOS PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES PREAMBLE CLIMATE CHANGE AND SEALEVEL RISE 10 Il NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS 12 1] MANAGEMENT OF WASTES 14 \ COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES j ¥4 FRESHWATER RESOURCES 19 Vi LAND RESOURCES 21 Vil ENERGY RESOURCES 23 Vi TOURISM RESOURCES 25 IX BIODIVERSITY RESOURCES 26 NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY 29 Xl REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION 30 X TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION 32 X SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY XIV HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 35 XV IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND REVIEW 38 INTRODUCTION At the conclusion of the United Nations Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States — held in Barbados from 25 April to 6 May 1994 — 111 Governments adopted a Barbados Declaration and Programme of Action. These agreements elaborate principles and st out strategics for development that will protect the fragile environments of small island States. They build on the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and Agenda 21, the blueprint for global...

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1993-09-09 ActionProgramme SustainableDevelopment SIDS G77AOSIS WorkingText

...volumes, sometimes from remote locations, lead to high freight costs and reduced competitiveness. Small islands tend to have high degrees of endemism and levels of biodiversity (number of species per square kilometre) but the relatively small numbers in the various species carry high risks of extinction and create need for protection. 3 The smallness of SIDS means that development and environment are closely inter-related and inter-dependent. Recent human history contains examples of entire islands rendered uninhabitable through environmental destruction; SIDS are fully aware that the environmental consequences of ill-conceived development can have catastrophic effects. Unsustainable development threatens not only the livelihood of people but also the islands themselves and the cultures they nurture. Climate change, climate variability and sea level rise are issues of grave concern. Similarly the biological resources on which SIDS depend are threatened by the patterns of large-scale exploitation of marine and terrestrial living resources. EC . (To replace existing first sentence, para 3) The smallness of SIDS and the fact that they are coastal that the environment and coastal entities means management are inter-related and this calls for an integrated management of resources. 4 Many SIDS are entirely or predominantly coastal entities...

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Government Expert Review Chapter9 Small Island States Regional Impacts Climate Change

...as the frequency and intensity of fires. Increasing amounts of CO2 may enable some forest species to use water and nutrients more efficiently (Kirshbaum and Fischlin, 1996). 9.3.2.6. Biodiversity The biodiversity of islands could also be impacted owing to the effects of climate change. A wide range of changes including alteration in population size and species distribution, species composition and geographical exient of habitats and ecosystems, and an increase in the rate of species extinction, might be expected. Small islands are variable in their marine, coastal and terrestrial biodiversity. Some are very rich , for example coral reefs which have the highest biodiversity of any marine ecosystem, with some 91,000 described species of tropical reef taxa. In Cuba alone approximately 3 000 terrestrial plant species are endemic, and endemism is higher among its fauna, estimated to be nearly 70% of the known 13,000 animal species. Other island ecosystems such as low reef islands, have low diversity. It is probable that climate change impacts, in association with human-induced stresses, would clearly result in a loss of biodiversity. The bleaching of coral-reefs, due to changes in sea surface temperature, will possibly deplete one of the world...

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Reid Trexler 1991 Climate Change US Coastal Biodiversity WRI IRF

...productivity for other fisheries is largely anecdotal, though thought- provoking. For example, fish harvest declined in a Florida estuary following wetland loss to dredging, and the whiting fishery in Western Port, Australia declined by about 80 percent in size coincidentally with the loss of sea grass beds in the bay (Turner and Boesch 1988). Despite the difficulties associated with calcu- lating the impact of wetland loss on fisheries, the National Marine Fisheries Services has estimated that the loss of estuarine marshes between 1954 and 1978 (a loss of roughly 8 percent of marsh area) cost the United States fishing industry some $208 million per year (Tiner 1984). Using this as a benchmark, it can be seen that a reduction of coastal wetland area by a further 20 to 70 percent during the next century could amount to annual losses in excess of $1 billion. Other Impacts of Climate Change Besides sea level rise and ocean temperature changes, other changes associated with global warming are likely to have significant impacts on coastal biodiversity. However, since global climate models still do not agree on regional details of changes in precipitation, temperature, wind speed, and storm frequency, it is even more difficult to...

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Tiempo Issue22 1996-12 RenewableEnergy GHG Poland AlJ RegionalClimate Biodiversity Desertification

...some delegates arguing for a more proactive role while others are happy the IPF should take the lead on forest biodiversity. There has also been criticism of the GATT and its Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) sub-agreement. There is concern over the lack of recognition of traditional knowledge, patent regimes regarding biotechnology-derived products, and implications for conservation and sustainable usc of biodiversity. Convention delegates sent a communication to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) suggesting the WIPO might recommend international copyright protection for scientific databases. The forthcoming session of the FAO Commission on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture was also approached regarding the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources, to be revised in line with the Biodiversity Convention. A Delegates noted their willingness to consider a protocol on this issue under the Convention. This would, amongst other matters, resolve the status of ex situ collections made before the Convention came into force. Further information: Secretariat for the Convention on Biological Diversity, World Trade Centre, Office 630, 413 St Jacques Street, Montréal, Québec H2Y IN9, Canada. Fax: 1-514-2286588. Email: biodiviwmil.net. CONTACT ADDRESSES John E Hay, School of Environmental and Marine Sciences...

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Action Programme Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Basic Elements

7 015 ) — P BASIC ELEMENTS FOR AN ACTION PROGRAMME FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES Contents I. Climate change and sea level rise II Natural and environmental disasters III. Management of wastes IV, Coastal and marine resources Freshwater resources VI. Land resources VII. Energy resources VIIT Tourism resources IX. Bio-diversity resources X. National Institutions and administrative capacity XI. Regional Institutions and technical co-operation XII. Transport and communication XIIT. Science and technology XIV Human resource development XV. Implementation, Monitoring and Review I. CLIMATE CHANGE AND SEA LEVEL RISE National Action, Policies and Measures * early ratification or accession to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Montreal Protocol and other related legal instruments; increased participation in the research, assessment monitoring and mapping of climatic impacts including oceanographic and atmospheric monitoring programmes, to support the adoption of appropriate adaptive measures and policies and the development and of response strategies, to minimize impact of climate change sea level and increased rise, participation in international discussions of these issues; improve public and political understanding of the potential impacts of climate change; promote more efficient use of energy resources in development planning and use appropriate methods to minimize adverse effects of...

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Ragster CSA PresidentialAddress SustainableDevelopment Caribbean 1996

...of the earth’s net terrestrial primary production to support their existence (Vitousek, 1986) . Clearly human beings have a very intense presence and impact on the planet. Planning a long-term future for these organisms with their high consumption rates and far-reaching impacts is one of the major The challenges of the transition period into the 21st century. identification and implementation of alternative development styles that can effectively address the complex and serious social and environmental challenges facing humanity have become increasingly important to individuals, institutions and governments of the world. Unrelenting poverty fostering increases in unplanned urbanization, homelessness and disease, pollution of watersheds and oceans, loss of biodiversity, especially tropical forests and fisheries stocks, and the tightening of the world’s food supply, are issues with social, economic and environmental parameters that effect societies at in many levels. These issues are all related to choices development strategies. The traditional way of viewing and attempting to resolve these challenges in order to maintain growth and development of society is to treat them from a single-discipline perspective, often the externalization of ignoring critical linkages. For example, environmental costs of tourism (not acknowledging the value of the beach and the...

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TIEMPO Issue4 1992 Climate Research Vietnam AOSIS GEF Development Impacts

Issue 4 February 1992 Climate research in Vietnam AOSIS Insurance Pool Criticism of GEF l N The cost of growth Latest news from the INC O FIE el EN GLOBAL WARMING AND THE THIRD WORLD N B S R o) R I [ X3 N N fn R N & N > (P w \ Wi, £ ) N " e L\ A id AR 5| L3 N N N o % N in this issue Editorial feature: Vietnam looks to the future Climate change and biodiversity Climate influence on agriculture Climate impacts on human health Effects on water resources AOSIS: International insurance pool proposed conferences: Details of international conferences forum: “Evolution has cost us dearly” feature: Mangroves - a unique and valuable resource news: @ Global Environment Facility A Weather Eye on @ Four down... two to go @ TIEMPO Resource Service @ 1991 - another warm year = OO0 N 1" 15 16 17 21 22 24 25 26 As the INC debate intensifies, southern negotiators continue to stress two key requirements. First, the industrialized world must take primary responsibility for the problem of global warming. Second, additional financial assistance from the North is required if developing nations are to respond effectively to climate change. The degree to which developing...

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