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987 results for "turtle nesting habitats" (6620ms)
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1973 NSRC NAS Workshop Aquatic Weed Management Guyana Report

...possible to speed up the growth rate of manatees by, for example, feeding them dewatered aquatic plauts rich in rutrients. Other Vertebrates Turtles. Man has always relished turtles, and it is likely that almost every species has at one time or another satisfied the Certain human appetite. vegetarian turtles may also prove useful supplements to aquatic weed management programmes. One set of experiments in Florida (Yount and Crossman, 1970) showed that two small “sliders” (Pseudemys floridana peninsularis) devoured 50 Ibs. of water hyacinth (some of it crushed) in six days. Healthy hyacinth was not attacked, but after the animals had learned to eat the crushed plants they would then consume healthy ones. Allen (1938) and Carr (1952) also report turtles consuming water hyacinth. A number of South American herbivorous turtles are on the Endangered Species List. Investigation of the economic benefits they might bring in support role to weed control programmes might eventually provide an economic incentive for their husbandry, and remove threat of their extinction. Terrestrial Herbivores. Many wild animals play an important role in weed control in their native habitats. They have been little considered for release elsewhere, and indeed probably have no place in conventional weed control...
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Chakalall 1987 Aquaculture Development in CARICOM CARICOM Fisheries Officers Meeting StVincent

...cays; limestone. Salt ponds 4 Antigua Low, flat; limestone and volcanic. Mangroves, 17% arable and 171 turtles. Degraded soils, flat, Barbuda Low, flat; limestone. Mangroves, turtles. 166 Barbados __ Low, flat; limestone. Deep soils, 77 arable. Potable water Tortola Group Small, clustered island group; low hilly; volcanic. Virgin Gorda Mangroves. (British Virgin Islands) B Anegada Low, flat; limestone. Mangroves, salt ponds. Turtle (British Virgin Islands) nesting. Dominica 290 High, rugged; volcanic. Varied soils, 227% arable, Steep slopes; potable water. 133 High, rugged; volcanic. Mangroves, turtles. Varied soils, 477% arable, steep slopes; potable water Grenada Grenadines Low, hilly clustered island group; limestone. Turtles. Montserrat 39 High, rugged; volcanic. Degraded volcanic soil. 20% arable. Potable water ST. Christopher 101 High; volcanic. Volcanic soil; 40% arable; gentle nd Nevis slopes. Potable water. Salt ponds S IS ( ® - PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LESSER ANTILLES ISLANDS o T AREA * ISLAND (Square Miles) PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Saint Lucia 238 High, rugged; volcanic. Varied soils, 27% arable Gentle slopes; potable water. Mangroves. ST. Vincent 150 High, rugged; volcanic. Varied soils, 50% arable, Steep slopes. Potable water. St. Vincent Grenadines Low, hilly clustered island group; limestone. Mangroves; turtles. * o Extracted from Lowenthal, A. 'The Caribbean', Woodrow Wilson Quarterly, VI, 2...
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1981 IMA Aquaculture Industry Trinidad Tobago Proceedings

...assist populations with limited resources to raise fish to provide nutritional and economic benefits. The National Directorate of Aquaculture manages a brackish water research station and a freshwater hatchery. Technical assistance on trout, penaeid, and palaemonid shrimp culture is also offered in order to consolidate these aquatic industries whose goal is to procure foreign exchange for the country through the exportation of their products. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the aquaculture program in Panama are to: e Provide a source of cheap protein of high quality through fish culture to subsistence farmers and their fam- ilies. Low cost fish protein is pro- duced by using fertilizers and rations composed of agricultural by-products that are not used for human consumption. Reduce domestic demand of red meats by economically producing aquatic organisms such as fish, shrimp, molluscs, frogs, turtles, and algae using fresh, brackish and salt waters. Increase the yield of edible aquatic organisms in natural and artificial bodies of water, such as rivers, lakes, large and small reservoirs, estuaries, and the oceans by means of aquaculture projects together with the appropriate technology to process, preserve and market the product. Promote interest in aquaculture within the country by teaching courses in secondary...
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Danforth 1935 Birds of Barbuda Economic Importance Puerto Rican Avifauna JAgricUnivPR VolXIIX No4

...1933. 30. Columba leucocephala Linnaeus. White-rowned Pigeon. ‘“White-head Pigeon’’. Common resident, recorded by both Law- rence and Riley. In August 1933 the species was found to be fairly common, especially at the Highlands. The French sportsmen had a few in their bags, and secured about a dozen half-grown young alive, which they took back to Martinique in cages. BIRDS OI' BARBUDA 479 31. Columba squamosa Bonnaterre. Scaled Pigeon. One was noted in the day’s bag of the French sportmen on August 15, 1933. This apparently constitutes the first record for the island. Zenaida Dove. 32. Zenaida aurita aurita (Temminck and Knip). “Turtle Dove’’. Abundant and generally distributed. During their three days of hunting in August 1933 the French sportsmen shot over 6,000 of them. In addition they captured nearly 100 living young not yet able to fly which they took back to Martinique in cages. One was collected by the writer on August 15. 33. Columbigallina passering nigrirostris Danforth. Ground Dove. Abundant resident. A female was collected August 13, 1933. 34. Oreopeleia mystacea mystacea (Temminck). Bridled Quail Dove. Cory (Cat. West Ind. Birds, 1892, p. 97) lists the species from Barbuda. 35. Coccyzus minor rileyi...
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Powell 1977 Voyage HMS Providence Breadfruit Introduction West Indies

...September 17, 1792, Bligh made the following eny in his journal: journal: The small Isles next to us w ere without inhab tants. I therefore sent Lieuten- t Guthrie with two boats to land on th ¢ northernmost to hoist our colours and to take possession of it. We named it Possession Island [now North Possession Islet]. I also sent out botanists to see what they could pick up -Possession Island is an inconside: rab le lump of they could pick up -Possession Island is an inconside: rab le lump of rock and shrubs and small trees. Here, to these islands, stones bearing a few turtle, Our party saw a number of shells | the Indians [Islanders] come for they lan ded), near this were twenty or lying on the beach (a sandy point where They gathered a few and found them thirty small cocoanut trees bearing fruit. that had been brought us by the very delicious. Trees which bore the fruit called Sour by them were also here, natives at Island H Dalrymple Island) and , but had 00 fruit on them. The botanists saw many curious and new plants and collected about a score of good specimens. They found...
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StKitts Nevis Land Use Plan Pragmacorp RLA-82-004 Aug1984

...2 < ions, surrounding Mount & T A R f e from orest clearing. i € e R e - o the Caribbean see section . r o o D 0 <« S 3 I o nd < uld be through Qw Py (o)) gd ment ., Othe € there will O 5s5es i oo the } 2 become and he ated e s { [a S Q) Do 5 in reduced in I 28 r L % L i P i 33 ¥ ¥ tected since it & s Kitts need to be pro lobster y € conch (north and west of the island), peninsula), net 1 nd scuthern pertion of the southeast and turtle (south cf 1 feh west of the island} & a yo e majority of marine The southeast peninsula contains th +s and the marine habitats. The watersheds of St. Xit ced from pollution and abuse. hab % ats need to be prote Ne 11 the coastline of Nevis contains important =1 tats. Stopping beach erosion is of utmost & . 2 3 yround zak need to Dbe A r m y 27 ( la on an enro =) » - rce of ater it is a good watershed + needs te el . e o 1 s ction IT. Areas 2...
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UPR-Mayaguez Aquaculture Program History Research Grants 1970-1984

...bagre de canal, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, con hibridos de Tilapia de los cruces (90% machos) T. mossambpica (hembra) x T. borporum (macho) y T. horporum (hembra) x I. aurea (macho) sembrados todos machos (los hibridos) a diferentes densidades en charcas de arcilla fertilizados. Almodovar and Cortes. Diego Carrillo Bedoya. Colombia. 1978. M.S. Evaluacion de una dieta experimental para peces utilizando una progenis hibrida monosexual masculino producto del cruce de Iilapia aurea hembra y Tilapia horporum mache en una charca artificial de fondo de arcilla. Almodovar and Cortes. Eric Hawk Almeyda. Puerto Rico, USA. 1979. M.S. Growth and feed conversion efficiency of young green sea-turtles, Chelopia mydas (Linnaeus) in seawater and dilute seawater. Cortese. Jose E. Rivera Gonzalez. Puerto Rico, USA. 1979. M.S. Estudio de capacidades de artes de pesca para la evaluacion de poblaciones piscicolas en cuerpos de agua dulce. Almodovar and Cortes. Sonia Gallegos. Continental USA. 1979. M.S. Evaluation of two - 211 male hybrid tilapia obtained from the crosses: Tilapia horporum (Trewavas) male x Tilapia nilofica (Linnaeus) female and Tilapia hornorum male x ITilapia aurea (Steindachner) female in polyculture with channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) in earthen ponds. Cortes. Jose R. Otaola. Spain. 1979...
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Wider Caribbean Environmental Agricultural Constraints and Resource Management AMBIO 1981

...bananas, tobacco, coffee and already disappeared. The current state of degradation and shallowness. In addition, cocoa (see Figure 1). In addition to caus- affairs is indicated by the plight of the climatic conditions, such as drought, can ing environmental degradation of the fra- Caribbean's marine turtles: in 1947 40 000 impose serious limitations on the produc- gile tropical soil, this large-scale, cash- marine turtles were hatched in the Gulf of tivity of the land. crop monoculture has forced a large sec- Mexico, while only 700 were found in All of these constraints exist, with tion of the farming population off their 1976 and 450 in 1977. Habitat destruction varying degrees of intensity, in the Wider land. This in turn has increased the move- and overexploitation are the main causes Caribbean. The most serious problem ment into the hills and mountains of land- of this. The potential uses of the Carib- affecting the soils of the region is erosion less people who engage in slash-and-burn bean forests for purposes other than tim- due to specific natural soil characteristics, agriculture, with no precautions to pre- ber have scarcely been studied; it is very type of vegetation cover, intensity...
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VIBIB Bibliographic Holdings VINP USVI Danish West Indies Prelim List 1985

...Analysis of a mollusk shell excavated at a Saladoid dwelling site in the Salt River Basin of North Central SX. NPJ Robison, Tully M. et. al. Water Records of the U.S. Virgin Islands: 1962-69. ST: NPS in cooperation with U.S. Geol. Surv., 1973. 163 p. Maps, tbs. Report on the surface-water, quality of water. and ground-water recore USVI from 1962 through 1969. NPT Roby, Daniel. Possible Range Expansion of Loxigilla noctis.” Lameshur Bay, SJ: Typescript, 1972. 7 p. Paper for the NPS in conjunction with the V1 Ecological Research Station that presents some notes concerning the numbers. island range, habitat preference. feeding habits, and nesting information on the birds on SJ. NPJ Rodiek, Jon. The Mangrove Lagoon on St. Thomas Virgin Islands. MS Thesis, [Univ. of Mass?]. 1968. 27 p. 1L Evaluation of the Lagoon's physical elements. with a syn- thesis of ideas based on policies set in a previous report for estab- lishing criteria for decisions regarding land development. NPJ Rodrigoe, Barbara. Borany in the V.I. [s.1.: Typescript mimeo., 1977. ca. [160 p.]. 11 Draft ms. for a high school-level botany text for VI students. NPJ Roels, 0.A., L...
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Steadman et al 1984 Vertebrates Archaeological Sites Montserrat Annals Carnegie Museum v53 p1-29

...Tunas and mackerels suggest that handlines were also used. The remaining fish could have been caught by these or other techniques, although a combination of traps and lines can account for the capture of nearly all those identified. 26 ANNALS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM voL. 53 Comparison of the data from Trant’s and Radio Antilles might pro- vide information about subtle differences in habitat exploitation and fishing techniques if we had larger samples. Compared to archaeological remains from islands such as Antigua and Barbuda that are nearly surrounded by reefs, fish make up a relatively low portion of the ver- tebrate faunal remains on Montserrat (Watters, 1982). Sea turtles occurred in low numbers in both archaeological sites. We are not aware of any regular nesting of sea turtles today on Montserrat, where there are few if any suitable nesting beaches. Thus sea turtles probably have always occurred in lower densities near Montserrat than near flatter islands that have large areas of beach. As with sea turtles, we cannot yet say how important the iguana was in the diets of Saladoid peoples. Iguanas generally are not a food item among most West Indians today, although Lazell (1973) noted that they are...
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Pregill Steadman Watters 1994 Late Quaternary Vertebrate Faunas Lesser Antilles Carnegie Mus Nat Hist Bull 30

...first record of P. lher- minieri from Anguilla. This shearwater is common in paleontological and archaeological sites on An- tigua and Barbuda. Very few nesting localities re- main in the Lesser Antilles for this once widespread species. Falco sparverius Center Cave.— 13 bones. MNI = 1. This small falcon is common today on Anguilla and throughout the northern Lesser Antilles. Zenaida aurita Center Cave.— 1 femur. MNI = 1. This is one of the most common and widespread columbids on Anguilla and throughout much of the West Indies. Columbina passerina Center Cave.— | mandible, 1 dentary. MNI = The status of C. passerina is similar to that of Zenaida aurita. Margarops fuscatus Center Cave.— 1 quadrate, 1 rostrum. MNI = 2. The Fountain.—1 adult tibiotarsus, 57 juvenile bones. MNI = 2. This thrasher is fairly common in wooded parts of Anguilla today. Tiaris bicolor Center Cave.— 1 mandible, 1 tibiotarsus, 1 tar- sometatarsus. MNI = 1. This tiny grassquit is locally abundant on Anguilla today. Each of these five species of landbirds tolerates disturbed, cleared habitat. The absence from the Anguilla deposits of such forest-indicator taxa as Quail-Dove (Geotrygon sp.), Trembler (Cinclocer- thia sp.), or Forest Thrush...
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Nietschmann 1971 Hunting Fishing Focus Miskito Eastern Nicaragua

...3 Nictschmann, B, (1970 D S, 197 Nicaragua, September cn Trtle @ nd Man. University of { Florida Press, Gainesville. Nal ale 1 1, (1962), The Gre Food Composition Ta Boueen lome 4 Wu Leung, Woo-Tsuen (1961). Institutes of Health, Bet h esda, Maryland. Yr Cemina Paacs, M ross). Botweend ¢ eghmenn, D (in eninar Press, Ne ~d o - e —— i R, 3 « " P 4 G W — oy A FISHERIES RESOURCE MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1 Butler, M.J.A. J.L. MacNeill and C.B. Fay latlantic Coastal Resource Information Centre Council of Maritime Premiers Amherst, Nova Scotia, Canada 2Maritime Resource Management Service, MRMS Inc., Amherst, Nova Scotia, Canada ABSTRACT A pre-requisite for the development of a national or fisheries and other marine or regional management strategy for coastal resources is an inventory of those resources and the subsequent portrayal of that information and data in appropriate formats for review and Thie no must encompass analysis. not only fisheries information, including habitat location, but fisheries infrastructure tiCiy also other resource/industry data w Conflicts between users of -h may affect the fisheries. the tal zone inevitably arise with "development" e.g., re versus tourism. aquacu This paper describes relevant...
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Potter 1978 Amerindians Guyana Environment CaribbeanHistoriansConference

...savanna sections of the s In the Rupununi Savannas, fish are caught during the dry seascn after flood ors have receded to and swamps in which the fish cm In the 0wn s and cs areas, fish have s been more available ) all thu the dry so were again more productive. Turtles and crabs were cce from sections of the north west coast while the Rewa River on the 0 edge o the Ruuun was famous s u and birds were hunted, the difficult A wide variety of wild anmas reptiles sandstone uplands -of the Pakaraimas being acain relatively peor compared with the forested lowlands Some:animals, for example.some tyes of deer, prefer a savanna habitat while the -small rodents such as labba and accouri are more at home on the forested banks of the lowiand rivers 8 Farabee stated that in 1911 the Wapisiana of the South Rupununi Savannas Tived more by agriculture than by hunting and fishing,.while the Tarumas were the greatest fish eaters of all the tribes, living as they did alona. the bountiful Earlier Hilhouse had indicated thaot the Warraus were mainly Upper Essequibo 13 fishermen, which has been corroborated by Kirchhoff The Marraus...
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Sea History No39 NMHS Spring1986 Nautical Archaeology Mary Rose Key West Coriolanus

...clouds, calm seas flecked with whitecaps when the breeze freshened, an occasional squall, frequent showers, sometimes a rainy day, every day lazy and ranging from warm to hot. The best day’s run was 209 miles; the worst 17. Some 500 miles west of the Azores in the vast emptiness of the mid Atlantic they lay becalmed for six hot cloudless days and passed the time by fishing over the side of the ship and from the two smaller lifeboats, catching big bluefish, scores of little ‘‘masusa,’’ and a couple of sea turtles. The calm ended on August Sth with a lively breeze from the SSW and whitecaps on a sparkling sea. But over the next day the wind backed in the SE and the captain became irritable, not being able to fetch the Cape Verdes. If he went too far south he would have to beat back to Praia against the Northeast tradewinds, so he sailed northward away from his goal, trying to make easting and find the fair winds near the 30th meridian. In the week that followed they spoke a westbound steamer, the first ship they had seen thus far, and another, headed for South America, changed...
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Frank 1976 Grenadines From Columbus to Today

...the years chorage. e world over for its excellent and safe an- Bequia is by far the most develo ped of its Grenadine neighbours. It has an active munici pal Council elected by the inhabitants every two (2) years. MUSTIQ ing mosquito . UE — comes from the nh word MOUSTIQUE, mean- privately owned Mosquitoes are now no problem on this island. It is lopment as a t ourist resort area. (by an English Company) and is in the process of deve- It has a population of about 200 people of Negro descent most of w! hom are employed on the construc- tion sites and are for the most part descendants of the original people who worked on the island since very early days. The island The island measures 2% by 1 Y miles. 1% CANOUAN - (Cannoune) Carib name for ‘turtle island’, is 3 % by fish ermen and small farmers miles, the highest peak being 855 feet. Most Canouan isl anders are . Formerly a privately owned island, was bought by Government in 19 25, the lands sold to the inhabit: ants, most of whom are of French and African decent. UNION ISLAND — so called becuase it is midway between St. Vincent and...
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Petersen Watters 1991 Archaeological Testing Early Saladoid Trants Site Montserrat IAAC14

...all seem to reflect local volcanic temper type s, although a few have carbonate (shell?) temper. Although the decorated specimens are in the minori ty, various forms of decoration are represented and seem to have clearly coexisted on the basis of their common provenience in some sealed contexts. For example, Both “white-on-red” (WOR) and “zone incised cross- hatched” (ZIC) decoration coexisted in the oldest coritexts dated before A.D. 1 in fields 8 and 9, and also coexiste d in the later contexts in these areas, as well as in field 10 (Figures 7 and 8 ). Decorated and undecorated adomos with and without slips and painted decoration are represented; turtle and perhaps other effigy bowls are included. Both human and animal representations seem to be included in the available sample of adomos, although punctated node, or "eye” motifs, seem most common (see Figure 6). Of notable interest, some of the WOR and ZIC vessels show comm on techniques and even nearly identical motifs between different site areas on the basis of surface and subsurface finds. For example, the earliestdeposits at the site thus far identified, dated ca. 480-440 B.C.infields 8and 9, share a common unslipped...
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Cultural Policy Guyana AJ Seymour UNESCO 1977

...with the nomadic life of Amerindian peoples. The trust is interested in the programmes of the resettlement of the Akawaios when they have been removed from the Upper Mazaruni region in order to install a large hydro-development project in that area. The Akawaios have been resident in the Upper Mazaruni for some considerable time and the National Trust is interested in ensuring that the unique and regenerative adaptation to the Amazonian environment which they represent should be preserved in their new home. The _area_around Kaicteur Fall has been declared a natural ark to pres erve its character, and other areas are due to be scheduled—for example, a site at Shell Beach where nestin world. The trust has plans to g turtles come from many parts of the pamplets and brochures for use in schools. The present act is beingreviewe, P! prepare and publish a series of I in order to fit the legislation more closely to the needs of the Guyanese scene. 4y here is a plan under discussion to encourage the formation of c museums in accordance with the government’s regional programme whic] will preserve historic buildings (for example, old slave logies) for the enjoy...
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Checklist Archaeological Sites Virgin Islands

...221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 WN - Coral Trunk Carden 2 218 Cotton Grove 2 219 Solitude 3 220 Cotton Valley 2 221 Kirkegaard 222 Bulowsminde Grange River 3 Allandale Knight Sewer Point Windsor Mill Windsor 7 Prosperity 5 Bugby Hole 1 Bugby Hole 2 Cotton Grove 3 Anna's Hope 1 Mount Saint Mary's Montpellier 3 Montpellier 4 Saint John 3 12VAm2 St John = HOWONNUTA el el LONOUITHWN Bay (Carolina 1) Francis Bay 1 Cinnamon Bay 1 Turtle Point Bay Little Cruz Bay Henley (Durloe) Cay Congo Cay 1 Reef Bay 1 Salomon Bay Durloe Bay 1 Durloe Bay 2 Fish Bay 1 Fish Bay 2 Ditlef Point Chocolate Hole 203 Granard 1 204 Granard 2 205 206 Diamend Keturah Longford 2 207 Shoy's 2 208 209 210 Shoy's 3 Butzberg Mount Welcome Peter Bay 211 Fareham 2 e Haulover 212 Petronella 2 Yawzi Point 213 Lowry's Hill 214 Sight 215 Southgate Farm 2 216 Green Cay 3 Great Cruz Bay Oyen (01d Oven) Hill Reef Bay 2 Mary's...
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Caron 1996 Post-Columbian Interactions Island Caribs French Legacy Lesser Antilles

...pumkin, and hot peppers. When the English and the French Creoles came to the Virgin Islands, they brought with them this baggage of knowledge. The Island Caribs grew tobacco to be used with lime as a paste to be sucked by placing it between their gums and their lower lip. Thus, it was really the Tainos, or perhaps the mainland Indians, who taught the Europeans to smoke tobacco either with a pipe or by rolling cigars. III. Foods & Beverages The staple foods for Island Caribs were cassava bread, roasted sweet potato, hot pepper sauce, land crab, fish, shell fish, turtle, and manatee or sea cow. The Island Caribs taught the French how to grate the bitter cassava, express its poisonous juice, dry it in the sun as pancakes, and bake it on a griddle. Until about a century ago, cassava bread was the most widely used bread in the Lesser Antilles. The hot pepper sauce was used by the Caribs at every meal, as it is still the ubiquitous sauce for most West Indians. The land crab, particularly the touloulou crab, was the favorite source of protein of the Caribs who, with the Igneris, introduced them throughout the Lesser Antilles...
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Wilson 1989 Prehistoric Settlement Pattern Nevis West Indies

...protein-rich diet of seafoods and ter- restrial animals. Land mammals are few in the Caribbean, but the hutia (Geocapromys) and Oryzomine rodents are common in later prehistoric deposits. The agouti (Dasy- proca aquti) was introduced from South America by ab- original colonists (Wing in press). Iguanas (Cyclura and lguana) were other important terrestrial species, along wit Gecarcinus and Cardisoma land crabs. A variery of birds was exploited, although never in grear numbers, including the tamilies Columbidac, Laridac, Rallidae, Ar- deidac. Podicipidae. and particularly the Procellariidac (Wing in press; Wing and Scudder 1983). Larger sea animals include the sea turtles. possibly the manatee (T7 chechu manatus) (Wing, Rav, and Hoffman 1968), and the West Indian monk scal (Monachus tropicalus) (Good- 0 ' Prebistoric Sertlement of Nevis/Wilson win 1979: 47; Elizabeth Wing, personal communication, in parentheses for all dates) from the aceramic GE-6 site 1989). An extremely diverse collection of shellfish, shallow on Nevis (Hichmans® Shell Heap, discussed below) indi- and deep-reef fish, and pelagic fish also appears in the cates that this conclusion may be premature. prehistoric diet of the Caribbean people (Steadman et al. In the last few centuries B.c., sedentary horticultural 1984; Wing in press...
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Gussler 1975 Nutritional Implications Distribution Networks StKitts Physical Geography History

...Some were able to grow enough, in fact, that they had their own time. a surplus which they could s ecll or barter. weekly markets facilitated the redistribution of slave grown provisions. On soe islands, these he basis of a growing peasant far ng tradi- gardens and markets formed t tion, but since Kittitian planters wer e loath to put really productive the incentives for such farming land to any use except growing sugac, were minimal. e foods n grown in the Early records indicate that tatces, cassava, and dasheens. provision plots were yams, sweet po According to Merrill, the 'colored folk" also ate eane rats and turtle It is possible, however, that he underestinated the eggs (1958:74). ces and local folklore are early use of sea foods. 1f present practis any indication, the sea, and especially th e beaches, were an important gource of protein, Wild and cultivated fruits and nut s were apparently important foods as well , and later on the alien breadfruit was utilized. Captain William Bligh brou ght thi e breadfruit from the South Pacific to Jamaica in 1792; however, it is not clear frem h istorical sources when In 1901, William Alexander wrote: it...
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Hervieu Archaeological Park Engraved Rocks Guadeloupe Historical Society 1975

...i ) N d == l <« /i [ —- == N @ ~ & e ) - & ( " e 3 N - , TWO DRAWINGS QI PAKINT D'AUSBOURG Lower part Disappeared rock Upper part Rock B with the right sent in 1901 to United Statcs * 4 y -3 - iy For a useful visit of the Park, visitors are asked to get first the little white pamphlet (in French) including a sketch map and a list of small wooden posts bearing numbers (these posts are mainly dedicated to flora), The posts bearing letters are listed below ; each indicates an engra- ved rock, After the exhibition hall, the path crosses the streamlet on a foot- bridge from where the first engraving (roc A) can be very well seen. In 1916, governor Merwart called this rock " the Turtle " from the animal of the lower part {possibly a crab), Rock B (called " the Captains " by Merwart) is composeéd of three rarts, The left half is the best nnown, On the right, the lower part remai- ned unknown until 1975 ; the upper part (bearing three of the more interes- tings engravings) has been broken, in 19C1, by Sainte-Croix de la Ronciére to be sent to Buffalo for the Panamerican Exhibition, Sine 1902...
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SHA Newsletter Vol21 No1 March1988

...on the date archaeologically examined 17 miles of proposed new alignment between Dover and Smyrna. The down slope side of the building (the parlor end) with project manager is David C. Bachman, and the Center one exterior root cellar cutting through this midden. Director is Dr. Jay F. Custer. A total of 16 historic Bone preservation was unusually good for Delaware even in the plow zone, and a large amount of domestic sites have been located and identified during this portion of the survey, including 14 nineteenth and and wild animal remains were recovered. Especially twentieth century farmhouses, a twentieth century noteworthy was the quantity of fish and turtle. brickyard, and one eighteenth century site, Loocker- One side of the yard was marked by a shallow man's Range. This site is located on the property of wattle fence ditch, with a gap for a gate, running Dover Downs Raceway, near Dover, on a small rise nearly parallel to the structure and terminating at a adjacent to low swampy ground. Although beyond the well. This well appears to be similar to ones found recently on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, and in the limits of the proposed right-of-way...
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Back 1981 Hydromythology Ethnohydrology New World WRR IRF

...any single group, I believe a clearer perspective emerges by comparing and contrasting selected groups from geographic areas that are environmen- tally dissimilar. Fortunately for my purposes the three most advanced civilizations in existence at the time of contact with Europeans were in different environments: the Aztecs in the semiarid highlands of central Mexico, the Maya in the tropi- cal eastern lowlands, and the Incas in both the high Andes and in a western coastal desert. In addition to these three I have included examples from people who lived in the Arctic and subarctic, the eastern woodlands with a humid climate, the arid west, and parts of South America. Location of the general habitat of Indians mentioned in the text for North America and Mesoamerica is shown in Figure 1. Adena and Mississippian cultural areas of the eastern United States are shown in Figure 2; Hopewell sites were largely along the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Three of the major groups—Anasazi, Hohokam, and Mogollon—are shown for the southwestern United States in Figure 3. Cul- tural groups and selected archeological sites in Mesoamerica are shown in Figure 4, and those of South America are shown in Figure 5. The time...
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Chapman 1981 SourceBook Buildings Structures VI Inventory

...John: P.L. Oxholm, 1780 42 St. Thomas: Steveboe, de Montargnes, 1772 43 Eyland St. Thomas: Published by Erik Bredal, 1733 25 WHISTLING CAY g A M o ¢ MARYS POINT II = g PARCEL 5 B4 & y g g & F 4 MAO 7 T J BAY // J () 4 AL A~ & o s/ y 7 7 " § DuRLOE CAYS » A MAHO BAY 3 \ TURTLE AY B AY ) | OF DENIS TRUNK AHO BAY BAY J) | HAMME R 7 CASEY PT ADRIA = ANEEL BAY SOLOMON BAY RUSTENBERG CANEEL DAY SUSANNA ADVENTURE HOPE /CrUZ BAY QTR - —— BEVERHOUDTSBERG { PASTORY CKR -\ oPrACE GRULWALD [/ se EN CRLZ BAY REEF /BAY ) QTR ALLOWS SO UMND BELLEVJIE MOLLEDAKL FRANK — a BAY SOS PARCEL OF LITTLE REEF GIFT € TURER PT. TAT Fi BAY _ O\ _ A V= r OL v & _ P REEF BPAY GREAT BAY ~ / ) N) COCOLODA | \ WHITE < \ & , ITTLIP PT 5 & PLLSBWUWERY 26 BOUNDARIES & QUARTERLINES MAP OF ST. JOHN, VIRGIN ISLANDS & LEWSTER BAY 74 v 'S CRE . & - —— INADERG LEINSTER T MT. PLEASANT (OROWNS BAY RETREAT ZOOTRUVAL 5 = = g ¢ J Ca / ° s J EMMAUS PALBITINA 1 4 coO | BAY a . 7 RAL BAY QTR FORTSBERG . J \ EAST END CAROLINA T...
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Price 1966 Caribbean Fishing Historical Sketch American Anthropologist v68n6 pp1363-1383

...centuries, including some excellent anglers, unanimously admired the fishing skills of the Island Caribs. These In- dians, who expertly sought out productive banks and deeps (Breton 1665:131— 132 s.v. chébi, 355 s.v. ménroiia), even had a word translatable only as “r proach to a man who does not know how to fish (Breton 1665:59 s.v. méticati. oiie). Island Caribs frequently fished with handlines from their dugout canoes. Lines were made from either pite [F.] (ananas comosus var., also called pitte and la pite) or mahot [F.] (probably hibiscus tiliaceus). Aboriginal hooks were fashioned from turtle carapace (Dutertre 1667:11,384; LaBorde 1704:571) or from “the sharp barbs of diverse hard and heavy woods, from strong fishbones, or simply from small sharp pieces of wood which they nicked and notched” (Anon. 1776:8). Heavy lines and large hooks covered with a white wooden lure or a piece of white cloth were used by Island Caribs in trolling for sharks (Breton 1665:3 s.v. abdlica, 154 s.v. chiénchicaba, 396 s.v. oibdyaoiia), for trolling as well as bottom fishing was popular. Although Frenchmen did not discover novel handline techniques among the Island Caribs, all...
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Indigenous Peoples Caribbean Prehistory Curriculum Vol2 JuniorHigh VIHC 1997

...persists into the Taino period. Most prehistorians see in these later centuries the beginnings of characteristic Tainan cultural traits, at least in the Taino heartland area of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola (now occupied by the Dominican Republic and Haiti). Archaeological similarities indicate that the Virgin Islands shared a culture or ethnic i perhaps had connections to the Leeward Islan dentity with eastern Puerto Rico, and ds. It is likely that trade and other interactions brought various p eoples into contact with one another across longer distances throughout the region, as well . Cultural Traits Throughout the Period: Cultivated cassava (manioc), and probably other food crops as well. Large pottery griddles are thought to have been used for cooking cassava bread in much the same way as it is still done today. Tended small Tended small food animals they took with them as they migrated. Caught fish, sea turtles, manatees, small game; foods. collected shellfish and wild plant Grew Grew cotton to make hammocks, bags, and clothing items. Worked stone into polished axes and other tools. Made small triangular shell or stone artifacts ("3-pointers ") interpreted as early zemis (idols representing spirits of the other- world, also spelled 'cemi'). Buried their 'cemi')...
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Powell 1977 Voyage HMS Providence Breadfruit Introduction West Indies

...September 17, 1792, Bligh made the following eny in his journal: journal: The small Isles next to us w ere without inhab tants. I therefore sent Lieuten- t Guthrie with two boats to land on th ¢ northernmost to hoist our colours and to take possession of it. We named it Possession Island [now North Possession Islet]. I also sent out botanists to see what they could pick up -Possession Island is an inconside: rab le lump of they could pick up -Possession Island is an inconside: rab le lump of rock and shrubs and small trees. Here, to these islands, stones bearing a few turtle, Our party saw a number of shells | the Indians [Islanders] come for they lan ded), near this were twenty or lying on the beach (a sandy point where They gathered a few and found them thirty small cocoanut trees bearing fruit. that had been brought us by the very delicious. Trees which bore the fruit called Sour by them were also here, natives at Island H Dalrymple Island) and , but had 00 fruit on them. The botanists saw many curious and new plants and collected about a score of good specimens. They found...
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Reid Trexler 1991 Climate Change US Coastal Biodiversity WRI IRF

...barrier islands were subject to development pressure, but by 1980 the figure had increased to 70 percent (Millemann 1988). Beach ecosystems, with their important nesting habitats for birds and sea turtles, have similarly been dis- turbed by pollution, recreational use, and the con- struction of jetties, groins, and bulkheads. And coral reefs have been lost to sedimentation and pollution. Coral reefs north of Miami have suffered from sedimentation caused by dredging, and sew- age had similarly detrimental impacts on corals in Florida before more stringent water quality stan- dards were put in place in the 1970s. The quantity and health of corals has also declined in response to increased recreational fishing, coral gathering, and contamination by sewage, as well as to the de- structive impact of anchors. Clearly, the nature of the problem affecting coastal habitats is changing. No longer is the pri- mary threat to wetlands and other coastal ecosys- tems the massive habitat loss associated with the ; Box 1. Wetlands Loss in the Mississippi Delta The Mississippi River delta contains 41 per- cent of the coastal wetlands of the contiguous United States. The annual biological productivity of the delta is extremely high—each year Loui- siana ranks first...
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Vulnerability Assessment Accelerated Sea Level Rise Majuro Atoll Marshall Islands NOAA IPCC SPREP 1992

...Pelagic species, particularly tuna, are also abundant and have important commercial value. The world’s 5 marine turtle species all occur in the Marshall Islands. The Hawksbill and Green turtle both nest in the country; the former is rare and endangered. As many as 27 species of whales, dolphins and porpoises occur in Marshall Islands waters. g Special ecological areas Whiles there are no "special ecological areas" such as national parks or nature reserves in the Marshall Islands, many areas deserve consideration. There is international conservation interest in several northern atolls due to their nesting seabird and marine turtle populations. 3.12 Majuro Atoll Majuro Atoll generally represents the typical atoll natural systems described for the Marshall Islands as a whole. This includes typical geomorphology, soil and hydrologic conditions. Majuro has terrestrial flora and fauna typical of the Marshall Islands and atolls in general. These have been much disturbed by the high level of human habitation and development in parts of the island. There are no major seabird breeding colonies on Majuro although seabird sites exist along the islets to the north. The marine flora and fauna of Majuro Atoll are generally typical. A total of 146 species of corals...
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Ratter Possekel Bynoe Resource Management Caribbean EcoEco Scenarios LandUse IRF

...tourism and sea turtle nesting. o Wetlands have been degraded as a result of soil erosion and the dumping of solid wastes. o Prime agricultural lands have been converted to municipal and commercial uses. e Crown land zones for housing development are being occupied by squatters. e Forest reserves are denuded as small farmers seek opportunities for increasing the production of bananas and other cash crops. Actions to be taken: Zone lands for specific uses. Strengthen institutions. Prepare integrated Natural Resources Management Plan and complete a National Physical Development Plan. Source: Government of Montserrat 1994 Area: 209 km? Population: 41,600 ST. KITTS AND NEVIS: Economy: agriculture, tourism and light manufacturing Nature of the Problems: ] The size of the country has severely limited the land available for agriculture, forestry, urban development, tourism and infrastructure. o Environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands and forests are encroached on. o Rural-urban drift leads to overcrowding and environmental stress. o Commercial/Industrial expansion can be seen on the margins of towns. e There is no comprehensive land use planning and mapping. e Land clearance for agricultural use, together with coastal urban and tourist development, has resulted in loss of wildlife habitats and the...
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Hulm 1989 Climate of Crisis Global Warming Island South Pacific ASPEI UNEP SPREP

...crab Scylla serrata, which today are commercially exploited. The mud crab lives and breeds in the mangroves. Barramundi breeds in coastal waters but migrates as a juvenile to freshwater. The mangrove system also forms an important nursery for penaeid prawns trawled commercially in the Gulf of Papua. The impact of the reduced mangrove habitat is not clear, but a decline seems likely. The freshwater turtle Carettochelys insculpta, the only extant representative of its family, is already of concern to conservationists at the moment because of the shortage of nesting sites on sand banks. It is known only along the southern coast of New Guinea and in the Northern Territory of Australia. A reduction in its estuarine habitat would concentrate the adult populations and lead to more deaths from accidental capture in fishing nets. At sea, the shifts in zones of upwelling of nutrient-rich water — a major source of food for many fish — will make a fundamental impact on the economy of a number of smaller states, dependent on fishing as their main or only source of export earnings. Major commercial resources such as prawns and deep water snapper may be affected, disrupting local and national economies. It is expected...
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EnvironmentalPlanningIssues 08 1995 SmallIslandStates SustainableDevelopment Bass DalalClayton

...to other islands where "pre- contact” populations and resource practices remain today. 2.1 The challenge: small island sustainable development in a "post-frontier" world Today, significant progress towards sustainable development continues to elude most small islands. Structural adjustment has created overwhelming imperatives to export. Many islands are attempting a transition from boom-bust export economies dependent upon agriculture and natural resource exploitation towards tourism and light industrial exports. All these new activities also depend upon environmental resources, however: notably watersheds, landscapes and coastlines. They also generate environmental impacts: solid waste, pollution, landscape change, erosion of cultural traditions, and excessive appropriation of natural habitat. As with the historical syndrome of deforestation, such impacts can be irreversible and limit the performance and resilience of island subsystems. These new island problems have roots which are similar to those of deforestation: that of a “resource frontier" approach to development. This approach is engrained in island policy, administration and enterprise, following the precedents of (colonial) continental experience. Before the colonial era, Europe’s agriculture and industry depended upon intensive techniques, because of its increasingly restricted resource base. The "New World" of the colonies, in contrast, opened up rich possibilities for expansion. In ensuing centuries...
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PanosBriefing10 1994 SmallIslandDevelopingStates InternationalAction

...people's participation. The Buccoo reef complex covers an area of about 7 km and includes sandy beaches, a beautiful lagoon and mangroves, extensive seagrass beds and a fringeing coral reef. Although the area was given legal protection since 1973, enforcement was non-existent and degradation through various human activities continued. The reef is used extensively by fishermen, who harvest fish, lobsters, turtles and conch, and has also been subjected to the pressures of tourism: live coral was being sold to tourists and visitors were allowed to walk on shallow parts of the reef, causing severe damage. The consequence was a serious reduction in the population of reef fish and in the number and variety of live corals. Pollution from waste water and sewage discharge, a consequence of residential and hotel development, has brought further degradation, and tropical storms have taken their toll too. The Crusoe Reef Society (CRS) was created in 1985 by a small group of citizens attempting to halt the rate of reef destruction through a public awareness campaign, particularly amongst people whose livelihood depends on the reef's resources. Many people were receptive to the education initiative and began to inform others of the problems. Starting...
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PanosBriefing10 1994 SmallIslandDevelopingStates InternationalAction

...people's participation. The Buccoo reef complex covers an area of about 7 km and includes sandy beaches, a beautiful lagoon and mangroves, extensive seagrass beds and a fringeing coral reef. Although the area was given legal protection since 1973, enforcement was non-existent and degradation through various human activities continued. The reef is used extensively by fishermen, who harvest fish, lobsters, turtles and conch, and has also been subjected to the pressures of tourism: live coral was being sold to tourists and visitors were allowed to walk on shallow parts of the reef, causing severe damage. The consequence was a serious reduction in the population of reef fish and in the number and variety of live corals. Pollution from waste water and sewage discharge, a consequence of residential and hotel development, has brought further degradation, and tropical storms have taken their toll too. The Crusoe Reef Society (CRS) was created in 1985 by a small group of citizens attempting to halt the rate of reef destruction through a public awareness campaign, particularly amongst people whose livelihood depends on the reef's resources. Many people were receptive to the education initiative and began to inform others of the problems. Starting...
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TIEMPO Issue4 1992 Climate Research Vietnam AOSIS GEF Development Impacts

...physical and morphological boundary conditions of shallow waters may change considerably, impairing the functioning of these ecological systems. The final effect may be the complete loss of resources such as bird life, fish spawning and shellfish and nursery grounds production. Extending over 200,000 hectares, mainly in the south, the mangrove forests of Vietnam provide a habitat for many animal and marine species. They provide marine products such as shrimp, crab and fish, for the local creating prosperity communities. Mangrove forests take between 100 and 1,000 years to form and mature. Any significant rise in sea level would be to the detriment of all that live in or rely on this ecosystem. Climate change and sea level rise will also threaten lagoons, the spawning places of sea turtles. Coral reefs too are expected to suffer from climate change and sea level rise. Like many other developing countries, Vietnam relies extensively on its natural resources. Losses in biological resources caused by climate change and sea level rise will pose many difficulties in future socio-economic development. Climate change is a global problem that can only be solved through global cooperation. This issue should be taken seriously in Vietnam in order...
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Document 6325dcbb

...we are more concerned about the mid-term outlook, which includes increasing impacts from habitat loss and invasive species. To offset these pressures, we recommend the following strategies be adopted: Set aside additional areas for conservation. This is especially true for marine turtle nesting beaches; the proposed National Park on Anegada, which is essential for the survival of C. pinguis; and for expanding the size of the two peak reserves already recognized, Gorda Peak and Sage Mountain, both of which are very small. Islets containing unique taxa, such as Carrot Rock, Carvel Rock, and Great Dog, should also be a high priority for protection. 1. Minimize the impacts of development via better enforcement of existing reg- ulations and improved planning. For example, impacts to sea turtles from beach-side night-lights can be reduced by use of improved lighting technol- ogy (Bertolotti and Salmon, 2005). Improved international collaboration on conservation of sea turtles would also benefit the conservation of these ani- mals, which migrate among political units and are therefore subject to variable protection. Establish a baseline for population size of data-deficient species and a long- term program for monitoring all amphibian and reptile species to ensure declines are...
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WCMC UNEP IRF 1994 Features of Biodiversity in Small Island Developing States Grenada

...A decision has been taken to undertake mapping for the coastal sector at a minimum resolution of 1:250,000, and to greatly improve on this scale for small island states, wherever data and funding permit. For the purposes of these reports considerable input has been made in considering a methodology and undertaking work on a small number of case studies. For the remainder of the maps the data are simple maps showing data currently available on the Biodiversity Map Library. The maps in these reports are proceeded by a short description of the features shown and the data sources. Where protected areas are shown they have been numbered and the key to these numbers is given in Section 2. The only feature not shown on these maps, but for which information is also held is the turtle feeding and nesting sites which are given, where available in Section 6. & oG O G ( & G I GRENADA References: Coastline: Petroconsultants SA (1990). MUNDOCART/CD. Version 2.0. 1:1,000,000 world map prepared from the Operational Navigational Charts of the United States Defense Mapping Agency. Petroconsultants (CES) Ltd, London, UK. Proected Areas - Points: in Section 2 was prepared in January...
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WCMC UNEP 1994 Features of Biodiversity in Small Island Developing States Haiti

...early stage at WCMC. A decision has been taken to undertake mapping for the coastal sector at a minimum resolution of 1:250,000, and to greatly improve on this scale for small island states, wherever data and funding permit. For the purposes of these reports considerable input has been made in considering a methodology and undertaking work on a small number of case studies. For the remainder of the maps the data are simple maps showing data currently available on the Biodiversity Map Library. The maps in these reports are proceeded by a short description of the features shown and the data sources. Where protected areas are shown they have been numbered and the key to these numbers is given-in Section 2. The only feature not shown on these maps, but for which information is also held is the turtle feeding and nesting sites which are given, where available in Section 6. .. B G G & G G G HAITI References: Coastline and Coral Reefs: Petroconsultants SA (1990). MUNDOCART/CD. Version 2.0. 1:1,000,000 world map prepared from the Operational Navigational Charts of the United States Defense Mapping Agency. Petroconsultants (CES) Ltd, London, UK. (Reefs are...
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WCMC UNEP 1994 Features of Biodiversity in SIDS Barbados

...wherever data and funding permit. For the purposes of these reports considerable input has been made in considering a methodology and undertaking work on a small number of case studies. For the remainder of the maps the data are simple maps showing data currently available on the Biodiversity Map Library. The maps in these reports are proceeded by a short description of the features shown and the data sources. Where protected areas are shown they have been numbered and the key to these numbers is given in Section 2. The only feature not shown on these maps, but for which information is also held is the turtle feeding and nesting sites which are given, where available in Section 6. G O GP OGN G R GN e A D BARBADOS Features include vegetation, protected areas and roads. References: The vegetation data are very general and are derived from two sketch maps published in Barbados - Preliminary Data Atlas: Survey of Conservation Priorities in the Lesser Anilles, prepared by the Caribbean Conservation Association, the University of Michigan and the United Nations Environment Programme (1980). The Present Land Use (Map 9) was overlain with the Terrestrial Life Zones (Map 5) to convey remaining...
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WCMC UNEP 1994 Features of Biodiversity in Small Island Developing States St Kitts and Nevis

...specific features. Mapping at WCMC Coastal sensitivity mapping is still in an early stage at WCMC. A decision has been taken to undertake mapping for the coastal sector at a minimum resolution of 1:250,000, and to greatly improve on this scale for small island states, wherever data and funding permit. For the purposes of these reports considerable input has been made in considering a methodology and undertaking work on a small number of case studies. For the remainder of the maps the data are simple maps showing data currently available on the Biodiversity Map Library. The maps in these reports are proceeded by a short description of the features shown and the data sources. Where protected areas are shown they have been numbered and the key to these numbers is given in Section 2. The only feature not shown on these maps, but for which information is also held is the turtle feeding and nesting sites which are given, where available in Section 6. ST KITTS AND NEVIS Features mapped include: coastline, coral reefs, mangrove areas, seagrass beds, forest, bathymetry, protected areas, roads and towns. Base-map: These islands are a little smaller than Antigua and Barbuda and...
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WCMC UNEP Features of Biodiversity SIDS Netherlands Antilles 1994

...mapping for the coastal sector at a minimum resolution of 1:250,000, and to greatly improve on this scale for small island states, wherever data and funding permit. For the purposes of these reports considerable input has been made in considering a methodology and undertaking work on a small number of case studies. For the remainder of the maps the data are simple maps showing data currently available on the Biodiversity Map Library. The maps in these reports are proceeded by a short description of the features shown and the data sources. Where protected areas are shown they have been numbered and the key to these numbers is given in Section 2. The only feature not shown on these maps, but for which information is also held is the turtle feeding and nesting sites which are given, where available in Section 6. E B GN BN O G G N = O NN G GB GB OG G NETHERLANDS ANTILLES References: Coastline: Petroconsultants SA (1990). MUNDOCART/CD. Version 2.0. 1:1,000,000 world map prepared from the Operational Navigational Charts of the United States Defense Mapping Agency. Petroconsultants (CES) Ltd, London, UK. Protected Areas - Points: WCMC Protected...
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WCMC UNEP 1994 Features of Biodiversity in Small Island Developing States Dominica

...island states, wherever data and funding permit. For the purposes of these reports considerable input has been made in considering a methodology and undertaking work on a small number of case studies. For the remainder of the maps the data are simple maps showing data currently available on the Biodiversity Map Library. The maps in these reports are proceeded by a short description of the features shown and the data sources. Where protected areas are shown they have been numbered and the key to these numbers is given in Section 2. The only feature not shown on these maps, but for which information is also held is the turtle feeding and nesting sites which are given, where available in Section 6. = G G G (B i G G Gl | i n O A N DOMINICA Two protected areas polygons have been included. References: Forest reserves and national park boundaries of Dominica have been digitised from a published source map, Dominica, at a scale of 1:50,000. The map was prepared by the Directorate of Overseas Surveys (Government of the United Kingdom) with additional information from the Lands and Surveys Division, Dominica and was published in 1982. Reference...
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WCMC UNEP 1994 Features of Biodiversity in Small Island Developing States Bahamas

...to undertake mapping for the coastal sector at a minimum resolution of 1:250,000, and to greatly improve on this scale for small island states, wherever data and funding permit. For the purposes of these reports considerable input has been made in considering a methodology and undertaking work on a small number of case studies. For the remainder of the maps the data are simple maps showing data currently available on the Biodiversity Map Library. The maps in these reports are proceeded by a short description of the features shown and the data sources. Where protected areas are shown they have been numbered and the key to these numbers is given in Section 2. The only feature not shown on these maps, but for which information is also held is the turtle feeding and nesting sites which are given, where available in Section 6. O G G G G G O G G G BAHAMAS Features include protected areas and coral reefs References Coastline, Rivers and Coral Reefs Petroconsultants SA (1990). MUNDOCART/CD. Version 2.0. 1:1,000,000 world map prepared from the Operational Navigational Charts of the United States Defense Mapping Petroconsultants (CES) Ltd, London, UK...
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ECNAMP Survey Conservation Priorities Lesser Antilles StVincent PreliminaryDataAtlas 1980

...L \ ST. VINCENT > < % 1M~ N N S W s 5. TERRESTRIAL N 0 LIFE ZONES [E Mangrove NA Littoral vegetation 7 Cactus scrub Dry woodland =57 Moist forest 3 Rain forest === Cloud forest E==3 Secondary vegetation Source: Statute Miles Watson, et. al., 1958. Eastern Caribbean Natural Area Management Program Survey of Conservation Priorities in the Lesser Antilles RESOURCE DATA MAPS = ST. VINCENT [ ] ST. VINCENT 6. IMPORTANT MARINE HABITATS NA Wetlands — % Saltpond NA Seagrass bed ¥. S Living reef Source: Statute Miles D.O.s., 1968 Ferdinand, 1979. B . . Eastern Caribbean Natural Area Management Program Survey of Conservation Priorities in the Lesser Antilles RESOURCE DATA MAPS = ST. VINCENT & & F = ST. VINCENT e] 7. ENDANGERED AND LOCALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES Game species Endangered species: =3 St. Vincent parrot =3 Seabird nesting site NA Wading bird nesting and feeding area. — Turtle nesting area: [ J Hawksbill e Leatherback —-—Whales Source: Kirby, 1979 Lockhardt, 1980 Statute Miles Meylan, 1980 Morris, 1979. Eastern Caribbean Natural Area Management Program Survey of Conservation Priorities in the Lesser Antilles RESOURCE DATA MAPS = ST. VINCENT 9 ST. VINCENT [ ] 8. POPULATION DENSITY Uninhabited 1 Light Moderate N Dense Source: Statute Miles D.0.., 1977. T...
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Putney 1982 Survey Conservation Priorities Lesser Antilles CCA TechReport1

...Virgin Islands. Dr. Melvin Goodwin and Sandy Goodwin of Environmental Research Projects, Inc., provided data for the St. Vincent and Grenada Grenadines. It was essential to collect and present data for all islands using a standard format in order to facilitate analysis and synthesis of the information on a regional basis. The following data was sought for each island or island group: -- Environmental Data 1) Relief (topography, bathymetry, major roads, rivers, capital, location map inset). 2) Rainfall (average annual rainfall). 3) Land Use Capability (annual crops, grazing, tree crops, wildlands, tourism, urban and suburban, industrial). 4) Coastal Currents (predominant current direction). - Habitat Data 5) Terrestrial Life Zones (mangrove, littoral vegetation, cactus scrub, dry woodland, moist forest, rain forest, cloud forest). 6) Important Marine Habitats (wetland, salt pond, seagrass bed, living reef). Species Data 7) Endangered and Locally Important Species (game species, endangered species, seabird nesting site, wading bird nesting and feeding area, turtle nesting area, migratory species, whales). e SocioEconomic Data 8) Population Density (uninhabited, light, moderate, and dense). 9) Present Land Use (wildlands, tree crops, grazing, annual crops, urban and suburban, industrial, tourism, solid waste disposal). 10) Marine Resource Use (fisheries: conch, lobster, fin fish; sand mining; coral harvest;...
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Eastern Caribbean Parks Protected Areas Bibliography IRF 1989

...AAAS Annual Mtg, San Francisco, CA. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMGT] 374. Shimoda, J., 1975. Pu’uhonua-o-Honaunau: Place of refuge. Nat. Parks & Conserv. Mag., February:4-8. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMGT) 375. Simmons, D. (ed.), 1989. Caribbean workshop on project development for national parks and protected areas. March 6-13, 1989, Commonwealth of Dominica. Carib. Conserv. Assoc., Barbados. [XL, REG, IRFV, PARK, RESMGT, LEG] PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY 376. Small, V., 1982. Sea turtle nesting at Virgin Islands National Park and Buck Island Reef National Monument, 1980 and 1981. Nat. Sci. & Res. Div., Nat. Park Serv., S.E. Reg. Off.,, Atlanta, GA. [XL, VI, IRFV, PARK, TURTLE, BIOL, ECOL, RESMGT] 377. Smathers, G., 1982. Man as a factor in Southern Appalachian bald formation and illustrations of selected sites along the Blue Ridge Parkway in North Carolina. Nat. Park Serv.,, S.E. Reg. Off.,, Atlanta, GA. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, ECOL, RESMGT, FSTRY)] 378. Smith, A., 1983. Observations on the marine plants and hermtypic corals of Maria Islands, St. Lucia. Prep. for ECNAMP, St. Lucia. [XL, LC, ECNAMP, BIOL, CORAL, MARIA, PARK] 379. Smith, A., 1987. Survey and zonation of the marine component of the proposed Soufriere...
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IRF 1989 Eastern Caribbean Parks Protected Areas Bibliography Biosphere Reserve Report 31

...Mtg, San Francisco, CA. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMGT) 374. Shimoda, J., 1975. Pu’uhonua-o-Honaunau: Place of refuge. Nat. Parks & Conserv. Mag., February:4-8. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMGT] 375. Simmons, D. (ed.), 1989. Caribbean workshop on project development for national parks and protected areas. March 6-13, 1989, Commonwealth of Dominica. Carib. Conserv. Assoc., Barbados. [XL, REG, IRFV, PARK, RESMGT, LEG] PARKS AND PROTECTD AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY 376. Small, V., 1982. Sea turtle nesting at Virgin Islands National Park and Buck Island Reef National Monument, 1980 and 1981. Nat. Sci. & Res. Div., Nat. Park Serv., S.E. Reg. Off., Atlanta, GA. [XL, VI, IRFV, PARK, TURTLE, BIOL, ECOL, RESMGT)] 377. Smathers, G., 1982. Man as a factor in Southern Appalachian bald formation and illustrations of selected sites along the Blue Ridge Parkway in North Carolina. Nat. Park Serv., S.E. Reg. Off,, Atlanta, GA. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, ECOL, RESMGT, FSTRY] 378 Smith, A., 1983. Observations on the marine plants and hermtypic corals of Maria Islands, St. Lucia. Prep. for ECNAMP, St. Lucia. [XL, LC, ECNAMP, BIOL, CORAL, MARIA, PARK] 379. Smith, A., 1987. Survey and zonation of the marine component of the proposed Soufriere National Park...
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Daltry 2007 Herpetofauna Conservation Antigua Barbuda Redonda

...turtle exploitation in Antigua and Barbuda, with the most important of these deficiencies being: minimum size limits that focus exploitation on large juveniles and breeding-age adults, and a closed season that does not fully encompass the breeding season (as the majority of hawksbills are still nesting when the season opens on 1 September, much of the breeding population could be legally exterminated). Legislation pertaining to marine turtles should be reviewed, and consideration given to the banning of hunting and egg collection until and unless it can be demonstrated to be genuinely sustainable. The draft new Environment Law also offers stronger protection for marine and terrestrial biodiversity and should be enacted as a matter of urgency. The herpetofauna of Antigua, Barbuda and Redonda 123 2. Develop and implement management plans and management structures for All all protected areas, which take into account the needs of herpetofauna. of the existing and proposed protected areas need management plans, developed in consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, including wildlife conservation experts. For environmentally sensitive areas such as Great Bird Island National Park, the protected area managers must take great care to ensure that recreational and other human uses do not degrade habitats...
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Thaman 1985 Microparks Traditional Modern Conservation Pacific Islands IRF

...forest areas which they regarded as productive capital to be preserved as a 'garden n mother out of which would issue later sustenance." angroves are traditionally protected in many areas because of their value in retarding coastal erosion, as important sources of and breeding habitats for marine and estuarine food organisms, as well as major sources of firewood and other valuable products such as medicines, dyes and timber. They are reportedly protected in Truk and Ponape where they are still appreciated as “fasteners of the shore." (Fischer and Fischer, 1957:39). In the modern context, governments, such as the Tongan and Fijian Governments, have officially prohibited the cutting or clearing of mangroves, but this as such, althoush very beneficial, would not constitute micropark development. Moreover, such laws are often not strictly enforced, and mangroves are still being cleared very rapidly in Fiji. Dahl (1933), similarly, reports of some existing and proposed, often small-scale eserves which would serve to protect mangrove resources, such as the Talele Islands Provincial Park in East Britain which protects eight islands ranging from 2 to 40 hectares, which have mangroves, beach forest, coral reefs, and seabird and turtle nesting areas. If local communities were encouraged...
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